!)2 MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 



Fig. 7. 



Ungual phalanx, first toe, hind foot, of the African elephant. 



Summary. — The foregoing data seem to indicate the presence of a large, intermediate, 

 and very small form of Elephant, the former represented by PI. XIX. fig. 2 and PL 

 XX. fig. 1, whilst the same bones in the smaller are shown by PI. V. fig. 4 and PI. XX. 

 fig. 2. These distinctions seem to me fairly borne out by the articular facets for the 

 trapezium and internal cuneiform, irrespective of dimensions. 



But supposing even that they belong to either foot, they all represent old bones, and 

 display remarkable discrepancies as to the dimensions, more especially the first-toe bones 

 PI. XX. figs. 1 & 2, and PI. XXI. fig. 3, as compared with PI. XIX. fig. 2. 



Second Metacarpal, second Metatarsal, and their phalanges. 



A comparison of the second metacarpal in the Mammoth, African, and Asiatic shows 

 no appreciable differences. In old animals the upper surface is rather flat ; but in 

 younger bones it is round ; the only point is, as formerly observed, that generally the 

 Asiatic and Mammoth have the long bones of the feet and digits longer, more slender, 

 and more symmetrical than the African. 



The second metatarsal in the latter and Mammoth has its upper surfaces rather 

 more hollow and like the second metacarpus than obtains in any Asiatic I have 

 examined. In all recent Elephants, and several second metatarsals of the Mammoth, 

 the scar for the internal cuneiform is pronounced. There seems, moreover, as Cuvier 

 points out, a decidedly larger surface for the external cuneiform in the Asiatic than in 

 the African. 



The second metacarpal and second metatarsal proximal phalanges in the African are 

 deeply saddle-backed at their distal extremities and relatively broader bones than those 

 of the Asiatic, which have the same part even, with the obliquity of the surface out- 

 wards, and a rugous scar on the inner side, where there is a hollow in the African. 

 Of course the deep ginglymoid articular surface of the African produces a corresponding 

 inequality on its phalanges. 



