THE MALTESE FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 113 



depth and form of the femoral cup, which may have given a character to the head of 

 the bone. Mr. Busk considers the Zebbug bone to belong to the pygmy E. falconeri ; 

 both represent, indeed, very small elephants of adult age. 



6. The materials referable to the Humerus and Scapula in both collections seem to 

 point to three forms. The smallest humerus ' is not a mature bone, and may have apper- 

 tained to a small individual of the intermediate form, which, again, by a series of humeri 

 passes into the largest, which we find represented by a fragment of the upper portion of 

 a humerus which might have belonged to an elephant fully 7 feet in height ". 



The smaller form^ (and indeed the character seems almost general to the small 

 humeri) shows a compressed head — so much so that Mr. Busk in describing the Zebbug 

 specimen states " that, had it been completely detached from the rest of the bone, it 

 might very readily have been regarded as fitted more for a ginglymoid than an 

 enarthrodial joint." The bicipital groove is also very wide and shallow in the inter- 

 mediate form ; unfortunately there are no specimens of the larger sufficiently entire 

 to show how far the latter character is also common to it. 



The scapulae * in any ways entire refer altogether to two small individvals, about the 

 dimensions of the smallest adult humerus ; their glenoid fossae have much of the outline 

 of the African species, the same being narrower in the Asiatic. 



7. The bones of the Forearm are not all of adult animals. One head of a radius ', 

 showing the decided gnarled aspect of a very old individual, presents much of the con- 

 tour and character of the African, and is referable to the largest form. There are several 

 detached distal radial, and one ulnar ^, epiphyses belonging to large, intermediate, 

 and small individuals — the first and the last presenting some points rather distinctive, 

 irrespective of size ; but the materials not belonging to full-grown, at all events aged 

 individuals, it would be, perhaps, best not to rely on the characters 1 have pointed out. 



8. The Femur proves the existence of the intermediate and large forms ' ; but the 

 smallest of the latter is not much larger than the former, whilst the extremes are wide 

 apart. 



As to characters, we find the largest showing a pronounced similarity of the proximal' 

 extremity of the Asiatic and distal of the African, more especially in the longer neck of 

 the former and more compressed condyles of the latter. As far as the characters of the 

 intermediate-sized specimen have been preserved, it would appear that it does differ 

 from the larger form and either recent species and also the Mammoth. At all events, 

 it seems that the femur, taken in conjunction with these immature bones, indicates two 

 distinct forms, viz. a large and a small Elephant. 



9. The TiUa * represents an adult Elephant ; but the bone is shorter and broader 



' Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. pi. 49. fig. 26. ' PI. XI. figs. 1-4. 



" PL XII. fig. 1, and Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. pi. 48. fig. 22. * PI. XII. figs 2 & 3. 



' PL X. figs. 7 & 7a. ' Pi. X. fig. 6, and PL XIII. figs. 2 & 3 ; see also page 57. 



' PI. XIV. figs. 1, 2, 3. ' PI. XV. figs. 1 & 2. 



VOL. IX. — PART I. November, 1874. Q 



