INHABITING THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO. 167 



original description, copied that of Sonnerat, and, although he quoted D'Aubenton'a 

 plates, omitted to notice the discrepancy. 



Le Vaillant's figure (/. c. pi. 17) and that by D'Aubenton (/. c. pi. 781) were drawn 

 from the same example, which was preserved in the Abbe Aubrey's cabinet (Jide 

 Le Vaill. /. c). At the time Le Vaillant wrote (1810), five examples of this species 

 were known to him. Since that date there is no recorded evidence of any other having 

 been brought to Europe. 



At some time previous to the year 1780 Poivre sent to the Royal cabinet in Paris an 

 example of a small Philippine Hornbill, which D'Aubenton figured (op. cit. pi. 891) 

 and which Bufi'on described (fom. cit. p. 144) under the title of Calao de ManiJle. 

 This example no longer existed at the Jardin des Plantes in 1810 {fide Le Vaill.) ; but 

 Le Vaillant figured [toni. cit. pi. 18) a second example, given to the Abbe Aubrey by 

 Poivre. The origin of Poivre's Hornbill can only be inferred from the title bestowed 

 by Buflfon. That it belonged to a new and distinct species, was perfectly recognized by 

 BuflTon; yet Le Vaillant identified it (1810) as the young of Sonnerat's Hornbill, and 

 this identification has been quietly acquiesced in by every author, save Meyen, cA^er 

 since, even by the astute Wagler. The considerable series of individuals obtained by 

 Dr. Meyer in Luzon and in the island of Guimaras, close to that of Panay, completely 

 establishes the fact that the Hornbills brought to France by Poivre and by Sonnerat 

 belonged to two separate species. 



The adult male has the head, including a large crest, lower throat, sides of the neck, 

 breast, and abdomen, bright tawny. The upper part of the throat between the rami 

 of the mandibles, a stripe from the gape, bounding the naked space below the eye, the 

 cheeks, where not denuded, and the ear-coverts jet-black. The latter are mucli 

 elongated, and a few of the uppermost mingle with the lateral crest-plumes. The 

 abdomen is washed with ferruginous, which changes into much deeper ferruginous on 

 the thighs, under tail-coverts, vent, rump, and upper tail-coverts. The back and wings 

 are uniform black, strongly glossed with green. The rectrices for the first seven inches 

 are of a paler ferruginous, some on the outer web narrowly fringed with black. The 

 tail-feathers for the remaining three inches are black, glossed with green, like the back. 

 The shafts are black throughout their lengths. The black of the apical part of the tail 

 runs up the outer webs of the outer pair of rectrices for a short distance. The quills 

 are black, glossed with green, on their outer webs. The chin, cheeks, and space 

 surrounding the eye are devoid of feathers. 



A second example only differs in having the ferruginous portion of the rectrices of a 

 paler hue, almost buff; and by the absence of the narrow black exterior fringe. 



The adult female differs from the male in being entirely black, with the exception 

 of the rectrices, which are marked and coloured as in the male. In one example the 

 entire outer web of tlie fifth pair of rectrices is black ; in another this is only partially 

 the case. 



