INHABITING THE PHILIPPINE AECHIPELAGO. 177 



member of the genus, the only other species that may have supplied Sonnerat with his 

 example are the Malaccan, vSumatran, and Bornean forms (G. fasciatus, Vieill., apud 

 auct. recent., = C. sumatrensis\ S. MiiWei; and Graucahcs doisoni, Ball, J.A.S.'B.xii. 

 p. 281, no. 23, an excellent species, belonging to this group and recently discovered by 

 Mr. Ball in the Andaman Islands. But there is no evidence that Sonnerat obtained any 

 birds from the Malayan peninsula, the Andamans, Sumatra, or Borneo during his voyage 

 from Port St. Louis to Manilla ; and on the other hand we have the fact that D'Auben- 

 ton's plate 629 represents a Graucaliis mth a black lorum and ocular stripe — a character 

 possessed by the Philippine species in some phases of plumage, and the constant 

 absence of which is said to be (and is, I believe) a principal distinguishing character of 

 the Malayan^. 



Two examples of this Philippine Graucalus are contained in the British Museum. 

 Both are in the plumage of G. dussumieri ; yet they are catalogued under two different 

 numbers and two distinct titles in the Hand-list. One, from Mindanao, through the 

 brothers Verreaux, is named by them G. lagunensis ; the other, from the Cuming 

 collection, procured at Cataguan, is named G. dussumieri. 



A species usually associated with the subject of PI. Enl. 629, is the so-called Grau- 

 calus lineatus. Lesson, Tr. d'Orn. p. 349. The error has probably arisen in consequence 

 of Lesson {I. c.) not quoting the real author of the title, and his giving Corvus novoB- 

 guinece, Gm., as a synonym, and adding PI. Enl. 629 as a reference. The bird described 

 by Lesson {I. c.) under this title is said by him to be from New Holland. It is clearly 

 not the Malayan G. concretus, Hartl., nor the Philippine species ; and it is difficult to 

 identify; for, among other characters given, is a white tail. In the Manuel d'Orn. i. p. 

 220, Lesson included a Cehlepyris lineafa., Swainson, and a Ceblepyris tricolor^. Swain- 

 son, introducing the two titles with the observation that " Mr. Swainson describes two 

 new echenilleurs, which he names," etc. The diagnosis given in the ' Manuel ' differs 

 from that given in the ' Traite,' but is evidently a condensed account of the Australian 

 Graucalus [Cehlepyris) lineatus, Swains.* Zool. Journal, i. p. 466, New Holland (1825) 

 = Graucalus swainsonii, Gould', Synop. Birds Austral, pt. iv. pi. — . fig. 2, " east coast 

 of New South Wales." 



Mr. Blyth (J. A. S. B. 1861, p. 96) refers to, and partially describes, a species of 



^ 6. concretus, Hartl. apud nos, Ibis, 1872, p. 371. 



- The Malayan species is considerably smaller, average length of the wing being 5-50, as against 6-25. It 

 is not of so dark a shade of plumbeous, and the transverse bands are narrower. It is not so well marked and 

 striking as the Philippine species. The Andaman species is larger than the Philippine and possesses a 

 characteristic plumage of its own. 



' Apparently = 0. humeralis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 143, over which title it takes precedence. 



* Dr. Eiippell (Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 30), having failed to find the reference to Swainson, is hard upon 

 Lesson for the meagreness of his diagnosis. 



' This species must retain its original title of G. lineatus, Sw. Mr. Gould (J. c.) states that he altered it to 

 O. swainsonii because the name lineatus had been previously given to another species of this group. But the 

 " other species " was this very bird. 



