PROFESSOR OWEN ON CNEMIORNIS. 267 



much bent forward. The ectocondyle (PI. XXXVIII. fig. 6, e) is broader in proportion 

 to its length, the entotuberosity (ib. fig. 5, c) is more produced backward, and the 

 pneumatic ridge (fig. l,o) is more produced inward, in the humerus oiTachyeres than in 

 that of Cereopsis and Cnemiornis. In these characters of the bone, the extinct flightless 

 Anserine of New. Zealand more resembles the Australian than the Magellan genus. 



The ulna in my present illustrations of Cnemiornis belongs, like the coracoid, to the 

 left side. It is entire (ib. figs. 7 & 8), is relatively shorter, but much thicker, than the 

 ulna of Tachyeres, and is absolutely shorter, and relatively much shorter and thicker, 

 than is the ulna of Cereopsis. It exceeds these bones in both species, as well as in any 

 other existing Lamellirostral, in the definition and prominence of the parts of the 

 exterior and convex surface of the shaft for the attachment of " secondary " quiU-feathers 

 and the " tectrices primaj." These marks are of two kinds, cavities and prominences. 

 The cavities (fig. 7, h), fourteen in number, extend in a single series along the entire 

 shaft : they are elliptical in shape, about 3 lines by 2 lines in dimension, more feebly 

 impressed along the middle and distal end of the shaft, some touching each other, others 

 with intervals of half a line or a line. The prominences (ib. i, i) are developed from a 

 ridge, external to the cavities, beginning one fourth of the bone's length from its 

 humeral end, and terminating opposite the penultimate cavity. The prominences, nine 

 in number, are from 2 to 3 lines apart. The ridge (fig. 8, c) extending the articular 

 cavity for the ulnar condyle of the humerus, and overhanging the surface of attachment 

 of the " brachialis intemus " is more produced and extensive than in Cereopsis. The 

 olecranon (e) is relatively rather more produced; the rest of the proximal surface 

 (fig. 9) closely accords with the anserine type. The surface (/') for the attachment of 

 the lateral ligament, and the larger one below {g) for the insertion of the " brachialis 

 anticus," are well defined ; but the latter is less deep than in Cereopsis. Both articular 

 terminal ends are less expanded in proportion to the shaft, and especially so the distal 

 end, than in Cereopsis. The radial prominence is less produced. 



My specimen of the composite bone called "metacarpus" (ib. fig. 10) is rather 

 larger than the one figured by Dr. Hector, agreeing in this respect with the associated 

 humerus. Like that wing-bone also, it is characterized by its breadth and thickness, 

 which, in proportion to the length of the metacarpus, are much greater than in 

 Cereopsis or Tachyeres. 



The number and nature, or homologies, of the constituents of this bone were deter- 

 mined by its analysis in a young Ostrich, in my work ' On the Nature of Limbs ' (1849), 

 and in the description of the specimen No. 1367 in the ' Catalogue of the Osteological 

 Specimens in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons ' (4to, p. 265). The meta- 

 carpus in the Bird consists, like the metatarsus, of three metacarpal bones coalesced with 

 each other and with part of the carpus. As the latter element is mainly and more directly in 

 articular relation of support to the " medius" metacarpal (PI. XXXVIII. fig. 10, ill), and 

 at the same time presents a convex articular surface to the two non-confluent carpals of the 



