334 PEOF. W. K. PAEKER ON ^GITHOGKATHOUS BIEDS. 



becular crest from the true nasal partition-wall. The recurrent lamina is fused with 

 the median part of the prsemaxillary ; the al^ nasi are slightly ossified at their edges 

 above and below ; the os uncinatum is not separate from the large, leafy, inturned base 

 of the pars plana {p-jy) ; above the pars plana there is a large opening, divided within 

 by a small bar of bone into two nerve-passages. A lacrymal, the size of that of the old 

 Lanius, is ankylosed to the upper region of the ecto-ethmoid. 



The broad vomer (y) has strong crura, not far apart, ankylosed to the palatines ; its 

 solid anterior part is very remarkable. The part running by ossification into the semi- 

 ossified alinasal turbinals is very large indeed (fig. 6, s.mx) ; and on the left side only 

 one septo-maxillary can be seen ; but on the right side, not only is the junctural part 

 with the nasal cartilage separate, the upper edge has a small ossicle, and the shoulder 

 and lower face another, much larger, osseous centre. 



Thus, counting the ectosteal plate on the right alinasal turbinal, there are four bones 

 on that side that correspond to the single septo-maxillary of the Snake. The pterygo- 

 palatines are like those of the Shrike in form, but like those of the Crow in strength. 

 The pterygoids and palatines are thoroughly ankylosed together ; the postnasal keel 

 and the internasal spars are well developed. The bridge connecting the great trans- 

 palatine snag with the inner edge of the bone is less developed than in Lanius. 



The maxillo-palatine processes are thoroughly corvine, being like those of the Jay 

 (Garrulus (jlandarius), pedunculated, with a thick, rounded, pneumatic extremity; for 

 the rest, the facial bars, internally, are all ankylosed together. 



Example 20. Enodes erythrophrijs. 



Habitat. Celebes. Section " Oscines," Miiller ; family "Sturnidae." 



This bird is evidently not a distant relation of the last ; and yet to the morphologist 

 it yields certain very important characteristics. Uicrurus leucops is nearly the size of a 

 Jay, and has a more arched and a stronger face ; this bird is the size of a Song-Thrush, 

 and their skulls are very similar ; but Enodes has a stronger head and face, and is more 

 laniine, and the arcuate bill and the palatines give it some claim to be related to the 

 Birds of Paradise. In a wide sense of the word, it is corvine, as it belongs to the 

 higher Coracomorphee ; but wherever placed, it must go near Uicrurus. 



The basitemporal and parasphenoidal regions agree with the last; the nasal sac is 

 very little ossified, and the nasal septum is soft. 



The vomer (PI. LVIII. fig. 7, v) is very emarginate in front, and it is altogether 

 flatter and more fibrous than in Uicrurus ; its lobes are less ; and mounted on them are 

 prickle-shaped septo-maxillaries (s.mx), one on each side. 



The pterygoids are well uncinate behind, and are distinct in front, as also the meso- 

 ptcrygoids (PI. LVIII. fig. 8, pg, ms.pg). The palatines [pa) are intermediate between 

 those of a Shrike and those of a Crow (Pis. LXI. & LV.), and, although feebler, are of 

 the Paradiseine type (see PI. LXII. figs. 2 & Z,pa). They have, in the depth of their 



