340 PROP. W. K. PAEKEE ON ^GITHOGNATHOUS BIEDS. 



The turbinals within this lamina, which is curiously dentate, are well ossified, as also 

 are the true inferior turbinals (fig. 3, i. tb) — but not the alae nasi themselves (fig. 4, al. n); 

 these are the only soft part of the labyrinth. The rest of the labyrinth is very instruc- 

 tive ; the ecto-ethmoid {e.eth) appears well above as an egg-shaped mass of bone, and 

 it projects outwardly so as to reduce the lacrymal (fig. 4, I) to a small point of bone. 

 The perpendicular plate, or meso-ethmoid, ends free behind the orbito-sphenoid, forming 

 a postorbita] band, with a rudimentary prsesphenoid depending free. Thus the inter- 

 orbital fenestra {i-O.f) is very large, and the separateness of the trabecular keel (fig. 4) 

 considerable. 



Laterally, the pars plana {p.J>) returns inwards, and then appears to swell into an 

 elegant egg-shaped mass of bone, which lies on the jugum {j). This bony egg (figs. 2-4, 

 0. «), however, is separate, and belongs to the trabecular arch ; it is the " os uncinatum," 

 or " palate- trabecular conjugational" element. 



The vomer (figs. 2 & 3, ?)) is very elegant, and is fashioned like a Salishiria leaf, 

 spreading out, radiating its fibrous structure, and breaking into lobes, by notches that 

 lie in the line of these fibres. The two principal notches are near the side ; they half 

 cut off' the septo-maxiUaries {s.mx). 



Within, the vomer and the maxillo-palatines (mx.p) have been ankylosed to the 

 intumed alinasal floor (?'. a. I); behind, the twin stalks of the vomer run insensibly into 

 the upper palatine lamina, the ethmo-palatine (e.pa). 



These parts of the palatines are of moderate size. The interpalatine spurs are roughly 

 pointed, like rusty nails, and they run into a ridge which becomes the postpalatine 

 keel (j>f-J>a) ; it is pared away or bevelled, as in Gymnorhina and Corvus, and not sharp- 

 angled, as in Trickastoma and Thamnophilus. 



The bridge extending from this inner edge to the thick transpalatine portion is 

 oblique, deep, and large ; and thus the ear-shaped transpalatine snags {t.pa) are diver- 

 gent. These subrotund lobes are flatter and more solid than those of Enocles (PI. LVIII. 

 figs. 7 & 8) ; they are not sharp spikes as in the Wood-Swallow and Dicrurus (PI. LVIII. 

 figs. 1 & 5). The whole fore beak (PI. LXII. figs. 2-4) is very solid bone, riddled be- 

 hind, at the sides, with large holes for the air-cells. Here are given off' the characteristic 

 maxillo-palatine processes (mx.p) ; they are like pruning-knives, are slightly bilobate at 

 their end, and are not unlike those of Artamus (PI. LVIII. figs. 1 & 2), being, as in 

 that type, greatly enlarged by fusion with the intensely ossified nasal floor {i. a. l). This 

 borrowed substance makes them look, in both these cases, larger than they are in reality. 

 The same thing is seen in Gymnorhina (PI. LX. figs. 5 & 6). 



The continuously bony jugal is sinuous and moderately strong ; it is but little incurved 

 behind. This bii-d has the singing-muscles large and finely developed. It lived in the 

 Gardens of the Society for some time, was dissected by me, and then put into the hands 

 of Professor Flower for the Museum of the College of Surgeons. 



I may remark that its digestive organs seemed somewhat aberrant : I only found one 

 caecum coli ; and that was very small. 



