432 PROPESSOE OWEN ON MACEOPUS. 



A strong bony column (ib. figs. 1 & 3, s) rises more gradually, at a lower part of the 

 shaft, from the fore and inner part of the distal expansion, then springs from the 

 surface and extends freely downward and inward for about half an inch, and again 

 unites with the bone, subsiding above the entepicondyle (ib. fig. 1, /). The column (s) 

 bridges over a canal, 5 lines in long diameter, for the passage of the median nerve and 

 an artery. The supinator ridge (ib. Jc, It) commences abruptly at the outer side of the 

 distal third of the shaft : its rough thin border is slightly bent forward, and thickens a 

 little before it is lost in the ectepicondyle [k). The distal end (ib. fig. 5) is subcompressed 

 antero-posteriorly ; the transversely extended articular surface is divided into two parts 

 by a broad groove, shallow anteriorly, deeper behind, and is slightly produced forward 

 or " thenad," and more so at its outer or radial end. This articular surface presents 

 a convexity broadest in front (fig. 1, ?i), contracting to a point or ridge behind (fig. 2, n) ; it 

 is the "radial" condyle, and articulates with the shallow circular cavity (PL LXXVIII. 

 fig. 7) at the proximal end of the radius. The inner or ulnar surface is slightly convex 

 transversely at its fore part (PI. LXXVII. fig. 1, o), but is mostly concave transversely, 

 and convex from before backward, forming a trochlear surface, as in Man, having two 

 parallel borders, the inner of which is the most prominent (ib. fig. 2, o). 



The fore part of the articular surface (fig. 1, n, o) is undulated transversely, a feeble 

 convexity intervening between those of the ulnar (o) and radial (n) divisions. There 

 is no coronoid depression, and only a shallow olecranal one (ib. fig. 2, m). 



The term " condyle " is properly applied to the articular surface, usually convex, at 

 the end of a long bone, as e. g., in anthropotomy, to the two at the lower end of the 

 femur. The prominent non-articular parts of the same expanded end, projecting laterally 

 beyond the condyles, are called " tuberosities " on the femur, and are " outer " and 

 "inner" (Gray's 'Anatomy,' 8vo, 1858, p. 128, fig. 88). But, with regard to the 

 humerus, the term " condyle " is applied, in anthropotomy, not to the terminal articular 

 surfaces, but to the non-articular projections above and beyond them, one of which is 

 called "external condyle," the other "internal condyle" (op. cit. \). 92). These con- 

 tribute nothing to the articulation between the bones of the arm and forearm, like the 

 condyles of the femur for the articulation of the bones of the thigh and leg, but add to 

 the advantageous attachment of ligaments and muscles, like the projections termed 

 " tuberosities " in the human femur. 



I call, therefore, the articular surfaces (figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, n, o) at the distal end of the 

 humerus " condyles," distinguishing one as " ectocondyle " (the external or radial con- 

 dyle, n), the other as " entocondyle " (the internal or ulnar condyle, o), which is ti'ochlear 

 in the human subject. But as the term " tuberosity" is given to prominences for muscular 

 attachment on the inner and outer side of the proximal " condyle " or head of the 

 humerus, I have called the corresponding processes at the distal end " epicondylar pro- 

 cesses;" they may be distinguished as " entepicondyle " (?) and " ectepicondyle," (A") 

 according as they project above the "inner" or the "outer" condyle. 



