1889.] MR. F. E. BEDDARD ON TAPIRTJS TERRESTRIS, 253 



apex of each ridge lying between two ridges of the opposite side ; in 

 front of the molars these ridges are directed forwards, posteriorly 

 they are directed backwards ; on the right side the half ridge 

 formed the fourth of the series, on the left side the fifteenth. 



The tongue has numerous fungiform papillae, and, as Parker (10) 

 states of the Indian Tapir, these papillae are most numerous anteriorly 

 and posteriorly ; a median space was entirely destitute of these 

 papillae, which, however, occurred along the sides of the tongue in 

 this region just as abundantly. There was a distinct Mayer's organ, 

 and on a level with the anterior margin of this a transverse row of 

 four circumvallate papillae. 



On opening the abdoniiiial cavity the greater part was seen to he 

 occupied by the csecum and two segments of the colon ; the coils of 

 the small intestine were pushed away to the left side. Owen de- 

 scribes an identical arrangement in his specimen ; it may therefore be 

 probably regarded as typical. 



The stomach measured 21 inches round the greater curvature, it 

 was 8 inches in length ; the shape agreed with the figure given by 

 Eudes-Deslongchamps, and with Parker's figure (10, woodcut fig. 1) 

 of the stomach of the Indian Tapir, but the two orifices (oesophageal 

 and duodenal) were more closely approximated owing to the tension 

 caused by the gastrohepatic ligament. The oesophageal epithelium 

 was found to be prolonged some way into the interior of the stomach, 

 and was recognizable by its dense white, corrugated appearance ; it 

 extends for a distance of about 2| inches on one side and 1| inches 

 on the other side of the oesophageal opening — not so far as in the 

 Rhinoceros and Horse or in the American Tapir as described by 

 Owen (6) ; the interior of the stomach appeared to be, in fact, much 

 like that of the Indian Tapir. The stomach was twisted as in Eudes- 

 Deslongchamps's figure. 



The biliary orifice was about 2 inches from the pylorus ; the 

 pancreatic opening opposite to it and about 1 inch from the py- 

 lorus. 



The walls of the stomach at the duodenal orifice were very thick 

 and furnished with several circularly arranged folds ; the commence- 

 ment of the duodenum was well marked. 



The small intestine measured 2/ feet in length. I could not dis- 

 cover any valvulte conniventes, only irregular folds which extended 

 through many feet of the intestine ; their folds were in some parts so 

 complex as to produce a honeycombed appearance. 



The ccEcum and the commencement of the large intestine are illus- 

 trated in the accompanying drawing (woodcut fig. 1). This viscus 

 has been already illustrated in Eudes-Deslongchamps's memoir, but 

 the figure given by him is small and in some respects incomplete. 

 The general appearance of the caecum and the colic loop is very similar 

 to that of the Horse (Chauveau (2), fig. 1 77, p. 432) and the Rhino- 

 ceros (Beddard and Treves (1), pi. xxxiv.). The small intestine is 

 attached to the caecum, as in the other Perissodactyles, by a large 

 anangious fold (fig. 1, b, p. 2.54) extending along the small intestine 

 for the distance of about 1 foot. Where the vein and artery perforate 



