1852.] 



SLEIGHS AND THE SLEIGHING SEASON. 



87 



fiist completed and brouglit into action for practical use was for 

 a new beetling-mill of Messrs. C. Hunter & Co., of Duiiadry, 

 near Antrim. It was constructed in Glasgow, and on being 

 brouo-bt across tbe cbannel and erected at its destination, its first 

 trial was made on tbe day before Christmas last. This trial 

 proved completely successful, and tbe subsequent performance of 

 tbe machine has been bigbly satisfactory. 



Mr. Thomson explained that tbe velocity of the circumference 

 is made the same as tbe velocity of the entering water, and 

 thus there is no impact between tbe water and the wheel ; but, 

 on the contrary, tbe water enters tbe radiating conduits of the 

 wheel gentlj', that is to say, with scarcely any motion in relation 

 to their mouths. In order to obtain the equalization of these 

 velocities it is necessary that the circumference of tbe wheel 

 should move with the velocity which a heavy body would attain 



\/ 



rig. 1.— Elevalion and Section. 



Fig. 1, is an elevation and section, and fig. 2, a plan of this 

 machine. B, is the body of the wheel, which is broad in the 

 centre, and tapers off to the circumference, having a space A, 

 of about three inches for tbe entrance of the water; E, is tbe 

 central apertm-e for the discbarge of the water, which flows out 



in falling through a vertical space equal to half tbe vertical fall 

 of the water, or, in othei- words:, with the velocity due to half the 

 fall ; and that the orifices through which the water is injected 

 into the wheel-chamber should be conjointly of such area that 

 when all the water required is flowing through them, it also 

 maj' have a velocity due to half the fall. Thus one-half only of 

 tbe fall is emplo3fed in producing velocity in the water; and, 

 therefore, the other half still remains acting on tbe water within 

 the wheel chamber at the circumference of the wheel in tbe con- 

 dition of fluid pressure. Now, with the velocity already assigned 

 to tbe wheel, it is found that this fluid pressure is exactly that 

 which is requisite to overcome tbe centrifugal force of the water 

 in the wheel, and to bring tbe water to a state of rest at its exit, 

 tbe mechanical worlv due to both halves of the fall being trans- 

 ferred to tbe wheel during tbe combined action of the moving 

 water and the movino- wheel. 



Fig. 2.— flan. 



above and below ; P, is the conduit-pipe through which tbe water 

 is injected against the sides of the radiating passages AAA; C, 

 represents apportion of the outer case ; and S, is tbe vertical shaft 

 fixed to the wheel, and revolves with it. Tbe wheel is worked a 

 few inches below the level L, of the water.— C. E. and A. Journal. 



Sleighs and tbe Sleighing Season. 



Double Sleigh, manufactured by3Mr. J. J |SAUflIN, of Quebec. 



The snow which fell on tbe 2'7tb of November, remind- 

 ed us of tbe delightful sleighing season, which all at this period 

 of the year, look forward to with delight. The merry bells of 

 the sleigh, enlivening our streets, give a cbai-m to Canadian 



winter life, which can scarcely be undei-stood in the more tem- 

 perate, but less cheerful climate of England. 



The sleighs sent from Canada to tbe Great Exhibition, (of 

 whicb we give two illustrations,) attracted many admii-ers, and 



