1852.] 



SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. 



U7 



evaporatiug at this low temperature is, tliat none of the saccharine 

 matter is converted into molasses, nor is there the least perceptible 

 increase of colour. Hence, not only is the quantity increased in this 

 single process 40 per cent, but the superior quality of it would com- 

 mand 7s. or 8s. per cwt in the market over the ordinary colonial pro- 

 duce. In the usual mode of manufacturing sugar, after the crystalliza- 

 tion has taken place, the " mother liquor," in which the crystals are 

 formed, is separated by a very slow process of drainage through holes 

 made in the bottom of the hogsheads ; but as the whole of the dark 

 viscid syrup will not drain out by the mere action of gravity, a coating 

 is left upon the crystals, which render them brown and of less value. 

 By another more important invention of Mr. Bessemer, this drainage is 

 effected with extraordinary rapidity and perfection, by continuously 

 passing a very thin stratum of sugar over a tine wire gauze surface, 

 beneath Avhicha partial vacuum is formed, and on which a number of 

 fine jets of water (like a syringe) are allowed to flow ; the passage of 



the water through the interstices between the crystals of sugar entirely 

 removes the syrup from their surface, and renders them at once suffi- 

 ciently dry for sh.praent. The time which the sugar is exposed to the 

 action of the water is one-seventh of a second only, during which 

 minute interval the water is drawn into the vacuum chamber, without 

 being allowed sufficient time to dissolve any portion of the crystals. 

 This instantaneous conversion of brown sugar into white must how- 

 ever be witnessed to be appreciated. These are the mo.st sti-ikiug as 

 they are the most useful inventions applied by Mr. Bessemer to the 

 manufacturing of sugar, though thei-e are a variety of other important 

 details, a description of which seems less called for. We understand the 

 improvements have received the approbation of numerous scientific 

 aud practical men, several of whom have expressed their op nion 

 that their adoption will be one of the first steps towards the restoration 

 of that prosperity which has been so long withheld from our sugar- 

 growing colonies. 



Alonthly Meteorological Register, at Her Majesty's Magnetlcal Observatory, Toronto, Canada West. — Bfovember, 1853. 



Laiitndc 43 dag. 39.4 min. North. Longitude, 79 de.g. 21 min. West. Elevation above Lake Ontario : 108 feet 



Sum 0] the Atmospheric Current, in miles, rtsolved into the four Cardinal 

 directions. 



Soulh. East. 



82769 1378.64 



6.50 miles per hour. 

 19.5 mi's per h'r/rom 2 to 3 p m.on 27ih. 

 12th : Mean velocity, 13.91 mile.s per hour. 

 4th: Mean velocity, 2.11 ditto, 

 noon: Mean velocity, 8.59 ditto. 

 9 ,p.m. Mean velocity, 5,34 ditto. 



North. West. 



1391.26 2327.69 



Mean velocity of the wind - - 



Maximum velocity - - - - - 



Most windy day - - - - - 



Least windy day _ - - - - 



Most windy hour - - - - - 

 Least wmdy hour - 



an diurnal variation - - - 3 25 mil 

 The column headed " Magnet" is an attempt to distinguish the character 

 of each day, as regards the Ireqnency or extent of the fluctuations of the 

 Magnetic declination, indicated by the self-registering instruments at Toronto. 

 The classification is, to some extent, arbitrary, and may require future 

 modification, but has been found tolerably definite as far as applied. It is as 

 follows : — 



(a) A marked absence of Magnetical disturbance. 



(5) Unimportant movements, not to be called disturbance. 



(r) Marked disturbance — whether shewn by frequency or amount of 

 deviation from the normal curve — but of no great importance. 



{d) A greater degree of disturbance — but not of long continuance. 



(e) Considerable disturbance — lasting more or less the whole day. 



(/) A Magnetical disturbance of the first class. 



The day is reckoned from noon to noon. If two leUers are placed, the first 

 applies to the earlier, the latter lo the later part of the trace. Although the 

 Declination is particularly referred to, it rarely happens that the same terms 

 are not applicable lo the tthanges of the Horizontal Force also. 



(First snow storm of the season, from 6 to 9 A . M., on the 11th.) 

 Highest Barometer - - 30.184, at 8 A. M., on 21st i Monthly range; 

 Lowest Barometer - - 28,943, at 2 P.M., on 26th J 1,241 inches. 



Highest observed Temp. - .50.4, at 2 P. M., on 1st ? Monthly range: 

 Lowest regist'd Temp. - 18.2, at A.M., on 24ih S 32.2 



Mean Highest observed Temperalure - - 39.66 } Mean daily range : 

 Mean Registered Minimum ----- 30.05 J 9.61 



Greatest daily range 20.4 from A.M., to 2 P.M., on 30th. 



Warmest day - - 1st - - - .Mean Temperature - 43 97 > Difference : 

 Coldest day - - -24th - - - Mean Temperature - 25.65 J 18.32 



The " Means " are derived from six observations daily, viz., at 6 and S, 

 A. M., and 2, 4, 10 and 12, P. M. 



Comparative Table for November. 



