1853.] 



Mountain Goat. 



Antelope. 



Elk. 



Little Elk. 



Moose. 



Reindeer, or Caeabou. 



ON THE PROVINCIAL CURRENCY. 



1T7 



Badger. 



Wolverine, or Carcajou. 



Fisher. 



Marten. 



Panther. 



Jaguar. 



Black Tail Deer, of Rocky Ocelot. 



Mountains. Ounce. 

 Black Tail Deer, of the Tiger Cat. 



Pacific. Wild Cat, 



Mule Deer. Lynx. 



White Tail Deer. Civet Cat, or Bassaris. 



Deer, other species. Armadillo. 



Beaver. Pkccart, or Mexican Hoa. 



Prairie Dog. Walrus, or Moesb, 



Marmots. Seals. 



Senyellel. Porpoises. 



Hares. Dolphins. 

 Large Wolp, black, -ivliite, or Whales. 



gray. Manatee or Sea Cow. 



LoBos Wolf. 



Prairie Wolf. Alligator. 



Coyote. Sharks, Stingrees, Rays, 



Medicine Wolf. Devil Fish; teeth, ja\vs, 



Indian Dog. and vertebras. 



Foxes, all species. 



Specimens of the following kinds, preserved in spirits, from all 

 parts of North America, are particularly desired : Small Quad- 

 rupeds, as field mice, shrews, moles, bats, squirrels, weasels. 

 Reptiles, as snakes, lizards, scoi-pions (so-called), frogs, toads, 

 tree-frogs, and, above all, the salamandei's, or lizards without 

 scales, found in water, or under logs and stones, known by the 

 various names of hellbender, young alligator, ground puppj"^, 

 water puppy, &c. Fish of all kinds, such as the gars, perch, 

 pike, suntish, chubs, suckers, minnows, and other species. 



Invertebrates in general, as crabs, crawfish, and Crustacea in 

 general, insects, worms, starfishes, shells, &c. 



In addition to dried plants, it will be well always to gather 

 seeds, acorns, nuts, pine cones, &c,, which when sent in may be 

 jilanted, and thus furnish important additions to Horticulture, as 

 well as to Botany. They should be put up perfectly diy. 



We have called especial attention to the country west of the 

 Mississippi, Much is still to be done, however, in the east, and 

 collections of any kind will be acceptable from all parts of the 

 Continent. 



§ X. GENERAL LIST OF APPARATUS. 

 We shall here present at one view a list of the principal appa- 

 ratus and outfit required for collecting on the simplest scale, in 

 the dififerent kingdoms of nature. Fuller explanations of all will 

 be found under then- appropriate heads. 



1. For Collecting. — Gun, with shot of various sizes, from 

 buck to No. 10, as also the proper equipment of powder, percus- 

 sion caps and wads. Rifle for large game. 



Fishing rod and lines. The latter should be of ditferent sizes, 

 with a supply of extra hooks, and snoods. 



Nets of various kinds ; a seine of about seven feet long with a 

 bag in the middle, will be found most useful for fish. Also a 

 small pocket net for insects, <fec., but strong enough for fishes. 

 Some gauze nets for insects. 



A casting net will be found useful in fishing. 



Pocket vial for collecting insects when on a land exploration, 

 and for small invertebrata when on the sea shore, or on the bank 

 of a river or lake. 



Pocket box lined with cork, for collecting insects which cannot 

 well be immersed in spirits. 



Larger boxes into which the contents of the preceding may be 

 transferred. 



A vial of ether, and 



A few ounces of camphor, for killing insects, ether being used 

 in the pocket vial and camphor in the box. 



Insect pins of assorted sizes. 



Blank labels of paper with sti-ings, for plants and skins of 

 animals. 



Unsized paper for plants ; a ream or more. 



Portfoho with straps. 



Labels of parchment for animals in liquids. 



Hundi'ed or more lino bag's of vaiious sizes. 



Ten or more yards of hno. 



India rubber bag, 



2. For Preserving. — Knives. 



Two pail's of scissors. 



Needles and threads of various numbers. 



Twine. 



Hook with loop. 



Arsenic (powdered), five or ten pounds put up in several tin 

 canisters. 



Corrosive sublimate (powdered), about half a pound. 



Alcohol in a small keg or tin can. 



Tartar emetic or ipecacuanha. 



Alum. 



Saltpetre. 



Common salt. (The three latter substances will hardly be 

 required with plenty of alcohol and arsenic.) 



Cotton or tow. 



On the Provincial Currencjr. 



Read hefore the Canadian Institute, January 31sf, 1863; hy 

 J. B. Cherriman, M.A., F. C.P.S., Fellow of St. John's Col- 

 lege, Cambridge, and Deputy Professor of Mathematics and 

 Natural Philosophy in the University of Toronto. 



The evils consequent on the present state of our Provincial 

 Currency are so flagrant, and their effects accumulating as our 

 wealth and national prosperity increase, are also beginning to make 

 themselves so severely felt, that the postponement of some change 

 in the sj^stem, long ago acknowledged to be necessary, seems no 

 longer possible. It is the object of this paper briefly to state the 

 nature of the changes which can be made to remedy those evils, 

 and to discuss the methods proposed or desirable for etfecting 

 such change. 



It is evident that a currency ought to be regulated with refer- 

 ence to two distinct objects to be attained — first, to furnish the 

 most easy and convenient mode of exchange from individual to 

 individual within the country itself — secondly, to adopt a stand- 

 ard and notation, which may, as far as possible, fit into and cohera 

 with the currencies of those countries with which om' commer- 

 cial relations are most intimate. The first will have regard main- 

 ly to the subdivisions of the unit chosen — ^the second, to the 

 nature of the unit itself. 



In considering the latter question, the countries whose cur- 

 rencies we have to look to are Great Britain and the United 

 States ; and a brief statement of the nature of the currency of 

 each is necessary. 



The Sterling Currency of Great Britain is based on a gold 

 stan.lard, namely, the £ sterling or the gold sovereign which 

 contains 113 1-623 gTS. of pure gold; this is taken to be equi- 

 valent to 20 shillings of silver, each shilling containing 80 8-11 

 gre. of pure silver; the shilling is again divided into 12 penca 

 of copper and each penny again into fom' farthings, but the cop- 



