1863.] 



THE LEAFING AND FLOWERING OF PLANTS. 



many common plants, especially of the compositfe and iimbel- 

 lifera?, being omitted. 



In observations on plants grown in gardens, it is necessary to 

 exclude all annuals, as tbeir periods of lenting and flowering vary 

 so mucli, that no conclusions could be drawn from them, unless 

 the portions of the same seed were sown on the same day. No 

 plants which ha\'e been protected in any way, are available for 

 these experiments, nor are those which exist in many varieties. 



For the foliation, it is best to observe when the fii'st leaves 

 burst the bud, and when the upper surface first becomes exposed 

 to the light. 



For flowering, it is advisable to talce the moment when the 

 anthei-s become visible, and for the fructification, the dehiscence 

 of the pericarp, or in cases of indehiscent fruits, the evident ar- 

 rival of the seed carpel at maturity, may be taken as the dates to 

 be noticed. 



It would also be well to observe the period of defoliation, that 

 is when most of the leaves have fallen. 



Another subject, deserving of attention, is the periods at which 

 early and late frosts occur, of suflicient intensity to eftect any 

 material injury to plants or vegetables; such, for instance, as the 

 Dahlia and the Tomato, which are, perhaps, of all, the most 

 sensitive to the influence of cold. 



In connection with this subject, it would be of considerable 

 interest to make observations on the arrival and departure of the 

 various summer birds, insects, reptiles and animals. 



PLANTS TO BE OBSERVED AS TO THEIE TIME OF LEAFING. 



flowers in 



Acer Saccharinum , . Sugar Maple April. 



Acer Rubrum- Red Maple March. 



ffisculus Hippocastanum .. Horse Chesnut — June- 



Juglans Cinerea Butternut May. 



Betula Papy racea Birch April. 



Juglans Regia Black Walnut May. 



CaryaAlba.- Shell-bark Hickory " 



Carya Amara Bitter Hickory.. " 



Liriodendron Tulipifera Tuhp Tree June. 



Ulmus Americana White Elm April. 



Fagus Ferruginea Beech May. 



Corylus Americana Wild Hazel April. 



Carpinus Americana Iron Wood " 



Pinus Pendula Larch 



Fraxinus Americana White Ash April. 



" Sambricifolia Black Ash " 



Rhus Typhina Sumach June. 



Populus Poplar 



Quercus Oak 



Salix Willow 



Sambucus Canadensis Elder June. 



Among plants usually cultivated in gardens, the following 

 mav be observed as to their time of foliation : — 



Mezereon. 



Double-flowering Almond. 



Lilac. 



Gooseberry. 



Black Currant. 



Red Currant. 



Quince. 



Peach. 



Double-flowering Peach. 



Ailanthus. 



Abile. 



Honeysuckle. 



Raspberry. 

 Apple. 

 Pear. 

 Plum. 



Linden. 

 Mountain Ash. 

 Spiraea. 



WILD PLANTS TO BE OBSERVED AS TO THEIR TIME OF FLOWERING. 



Ranunculus Bulbo^us Buttercup May. 



" Acris Tall Crowfoot June. 



" Aquatilis- White Water Crowfoot.. June. 



Trifolium Pratense . Red Clover 



" Repens White Clo\'er 



Fragaria Virginiaia Strawberry 



C nicus Arvensis Canada Thistle 



Erythronium Americanum . Dig-tooth Violet 



Dirca Palustris Wickaby 



Rubus Odoratus Dog Rose 



" Occidentale Black Raspberry 



Prunus Virginiana Black Cherry 



" Borealis Red " 



Cratoegus Coccinea Thorn 



Ribes Floridum. 

 Ribes Cynorbati. 



Trillium Pictum White Death Flower 



Leontodon Taraxacum Dandy lion 



Lillium Canadensis Orange Lily 



Arum Atropurpureum. 



Anemone Nemorosa AVind Flower .April. 



" Virginiana Tall Anemone June. 



Hepatica Triloba Three-lobed Livei leaf... March. 



" Acntilobn Sharp-lubed " " 



Thalictrum Divicum Early Meadow Rue April. 



Caltha Palustris Maivh Marigold " 



Coptis Trifolia Gold Thread May. 



Aquilegia Canadensis Columbine " 



Actoea Alba White Baneberry " 



Podophyllum Peltatum May Apple May. 



Nyraphiea Odorata White Waterlily July. 



Nuphar Luteum Yellow " " 



Sarracenia Purpurea Pitcher Plant June. 



Sanguinaria Canadensis Blood Root April. 



Nasturtium Palustris Maish Cress June. 



Dentaria Diphylla Toothwoi t May. 



Capsella Bursa Pastoris Shepherd's Purse April. 



Viola Pubescens Yellow Violet June. 



Parnassia Palustris Grass of Parnassus July. 



Hypericum Perforatum St. John's Wort June. 



Elodea Virginica Marsh " Jnly. 



Silene Noctifllora NiglitFloweringCatchfiy.June. 



Stellaria Media C hickweed April. 



Portulacca Oleracea Parslahe July- 



Claytonia Virginica Spring B'>auty April. 



Impatiens Fuloa Touch me Not .... .June. 



Rhus Toricodendon Poison Ivy June. 



Ampelopsis Quinquefoha. .Virginia Creeper July- 

 Poly gala Pauciflora Milkwort May. 



Supinus Perennis Supine 



ComarumPalustre Marsh Cinque-Foil .June. 



PotentiJla Anserina Silver Weed April. 



Amelanohier Canadensis. . Shad Bush April. 



E pilobium Coloratum Purple-veined willow herb J uly. 



CEnothera Biennis Evening Primrose June. 



Mitella Diphylla Mitre Wort Mav. 



Fiarella Cordifolia False Mitre Wort April. 



Aralia Nudicaulis Sarf apai ilia May. 



Cornus Canadensis . D wai f Cornel May. 



Liuniea Borealis Twin Flower .June. 



Diervilla Trifida Bush Honeysuckle June. 



