ms,] 



SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. 



211 



a deprti of rain equal to 22'7 iuclies. The least falls of rain occurred at 

 Holkham, Grantham, Cardiugton, and Gainsborough, — 'the mean of 

 these places being 9.6 inches. The greatest number of rainy days 

 occurred at Bowdon, Royston, Falmouth, and Ryde. The quantity of 

 rain which tell during 1852 is .so very remarl^able, that we are glad to 

 have an early opportunity of placing Mr. Glaisher's reduction before 

 our readers: — that gentlemui having kindly afforded us the means of 

 doing so. 



-?bH of Jiabi in inches, 1852. 



M"araes of Stations. 



Jersey - - - 



Guernsey 



Helstou - - - 



Falmouth 



Truro - 



Torquay 



Ventnor - . . 



Ryde 



Chichester 



Soufhamption - 



Royal Observatory - 



Woolwich Arsenal - 



St. John's Wood 



Abingdon, Berks 



Rose Hill, near Oxford 



O.xfoi d Uuuiversity - 



Stone - - - 



Hartwell Rectory - 



Linslade, 



Cardiugton 



Bedford 



, Fall I Wo. 

 j in of 



Inches Days. 



Norwich 



Grantham 



Derby 



Holkham 



Nottingham 



Hawarden 



Gainsborough - 



Liverpool 



Wakefield 



Leeds 



Stonyhurst 



York - 



Whitehaven 



Durham - 



North Shields 



Glasgow 



Duuiuo - 



43-4 

 49-1 

 45-4 

 5;l'l 

 52-5 

 50-0 

 4.3-0 

 48-8 

 39'0 

 49-7 

 34'4 

 31-7 

 35- i 

 36-7 

 38.0 

 4f)-4 

 34.3 

 33.8 

 34-4 

 30-9 

 32-7 

 32-5 

 32-2 

 33-7 

 30-3 

 37-4 

 40-2 

 25-5 

 31-2 

 33-5 

 28-4 

 58-3 

 27-3 

 50-0 

 30-6 

 58-2 

 45-5 

 31-3 



174 

 173 

 183 

 184 

 161 

 175 

 182 

 171 



165 

 155 



173 



178 

 182 

 189 

 168 

 161 

 185 

 162 

 180 

 183 

 173 

 201 

 186 

 175 



194 

 157 



180 

 232 

 188 

 133 



I have not visited this station: 

 I think the guage wrong. 



U in. fell in Dec: average for 



Dec, 3 8 in. 

 Average for the year at this 

 place, 20-8 in. 



It will be seen from this, that, supposiugthe rain which fell through 

 the year 1852 had rested on the surface of the country — it would have 

 amouuted to fifty inches in depth nearly over the counties of Devon 

 and Cornwall — and to between 30 and 40 inches at most inland places. 

 There would thus have been spread over the whole of England a depth 

 of nearly 3 feet of water. 



A few parallel examples of heavy falls of rain in this coimtry will 

 bring out the phenomena more strongly. Mr. Luke Howard, in his 

 " Climate of London," informs us that in the latter half of June and the 

 first Iialf of July 1810 the amount of rain was 5-13 inches. At Kendal 

 in 1782 83'5 inches of rain fell, the average result being 55 inches. At 

 Perth, on tlie 3rd of August 1829, four-fifths of an inch of rain des- 

 cended iu half an hour — and Mr. Howard records the fact of 1^^ inch 

 of rain having fallen on the 8th May. In the last quarter of 1852 there 

 fell — 



October 4 Southampton - 

 Uck field 

 " Midhuist 



November 6 Falmouth 



" 10 Nottingham - 

 13 North Shields 

 December 17 Leeds - 

 " 19 Glasgow 



Inches. 

 1-9 

 2-1 

 1-8 

 1-3 

 1-7 

 1-6 

 1-3 

 1-8 



So that for remarkable falls of rain — and for a long continuance of wet 

 — the ye.ar just past presents a very striking meteorological condition 

 The mean of an extended series of observations gives 31 inches as the 

 annual quantity of rain between the latitudes 50 ° and 55 ^ — the cor- 

 rected means of the returns obtained gives 34. for 41852. — Athcnmim. 



New Jerssy Zinc and Frankliaite.* 



Mineral enterprise in this country is rapidly rising to the ascendant. 

 Capital is becoming more ready and anxious, if possible, to invest itself 

 in iron, lead, zinc, copper, and coal mines, than In railroads, which 

 have been, and are now the ascendant interest. It is coufideutly pre- 

 dicted by careful j udges of the signs of the times that, within ten years, 

 more capital will be invested in om' mining operations than in our 

 railroads. All the minerals we have named above, are in increased 

 demand, and bear improving prices. The era of fancy muiing, for 

 years past potent in fortune-making to a few and in ruin to many, has 

 had its day. Moneyed men are no longer found ready to invest their 

 wealth in paper mines, having no particular existence beyond tlie in- 

 genuity of tlieir WaU-street creators, and, after a little lapse, to test if 

 the cry for legitimate enterprise indeed meant legitimate, a new sort 

 of enterprise is being iuaugurated — to wit : a desire and determination 

 on the part of men of knowledge and means, to enter upon the practi- 

 cal development of some of the vast, undoubted mineral resources of 

 the country. 



One mineral enterprise successfully, because energetically, taken 

 liold of and prosecuted, has done more, within two or three years past, 

 to induce the general interest now felt in rainiug projects, than all 

 others we could name. We allude to the operations of the New Jersey 

 Zinc Company, organized in the spring of 1848, and which, in the face 

 of repeated fa'ilures for half a century past to turn the rich zinc mines 

 of New Jersey to practical, profitable account, have been so success- 

 ful, and that, too, in developing zinc in a more profitable form (paint) 

 than was first contemplated, 'that its stock, representing $1,200,000 

 capital, is now considerably above par, and eagerly sought for perma- 

 nent investments. The success of this enterprise, opposed at first by 

 so many obstacles; the prejudices of legislation, the hesitati(m of 

 capital, the entire absence of experience in zinc mining and manufac- 

 tui-e in this country, has inspired a score of enterprises, most of them 

 legitimate, and many of them destined to great success and profit. It 

 has certainly placed New Jersey in the front rank of mineral States, 

 for, independent of the revelation of her wealth in zinc, it has led to a 

 more thorough examin.-ition of her other mineral resources, which are 

 many and rich. But the impetus inspired by the operations of the 

 New" Jersey Zinc Company, has not been confined to New Jersey or 

 any particular region ; it has spread, and is spreading, over the 

 " Empire" ancl other States. The working of the zinc mines by intel- 

 ligent, skiUful and energetic minds and hands, has proven that the 

 chief " protection" necessary to develop our mineral wealth is enlight- 

 ened, practical management, and that mineral operations legitimately 

 entered into and pursued, are no more a speculation or hazard, witliout 

 tariffs even, than any other business requiring an equal outlay of 

 capital and skill. 



As the zinc interest is a new as well as important one, openiug 

 another spring of wealth and enterprise, and promising great benefits, 

 conmiercial, manufacturing .and sanatary, our readers will be interested 

 in a brief statistical and general statement of the zinc resources of 

 New Jersev, and the operations of the New Jersey Zinc Company. 

 The zinc mines are located iu the township of Franklin, Sussex Ccun- 

 tv. New Jersey. They are the only mines of pure oxide of ziuc 

 known. They are mixed in their deposits with other minerals, chiefly 

 Frauklinite iron ore and manganese. Vast deposits of this Franklinite 

 lie contiguous, similarly blent with zinc and manganese. The total 

 extent of the two chief minerals, all of their kind located compactlj^ in 

 that region, is not definitely estimated, but it is immense — exhaustion 

 for centuries to come is out of the question. It will be sufficient for 

 the information of our readers to take the data of that portion belong- 

 ing to the New Jersey Zinc Company, which has been carefully ex- 

 amined by Dr. Charles T. Jackson, State Assayer of Massachusetts, 

 and United States Geologist for the mineral lands of the United States 

 in Michigan, Ac, whose estimate is verified by Major A. C. Famngton, 

 the eminent Mining Engineer of the Zinc Company, and other eminent 

 scientific men. Dr. Jackson gives as the amount of the Zinc Compa- 

 ny's Franklinite, above water drainage, 1,1 15,468 tons ; amount of 

 zinc, 1,188,572 tons. The veins are perpendicular, and, according to 

 the law of such veins, extend down farther below water drainage than 

 ever plummet sounded, and are richer, if anything, as they descend, 

 so that it is safe to say both zinc and Franklinite are inexhaustible. 

 But if they were not so in the Zinc Company's mines, there is vast 

 store further in reserve. It is difficult to say which of these two mine- 

 rals is most valuable ; both are sui r/eneris and precious. As the zinc 

 is furthest developed, we will give its analysis first : — 



Oxide of zinc say ------------60 



Franklinite say -------------90 



Manganese say ------------- 20 



Total 100 



Hum's Magazine. 



