18 AFFILIATION OF THE ALGONQUIN LANGUAGES. 



Passamaquoddy apd Penobscot of Maine. They also use the foita 

 alnew for man. Many, extinct tribes, such as the Mohicans, Narra- 

 gansets, Massachusetts, &c., once inhabited the New England States. 

 Other tribes, like the Menomenies and Potawatomies, dwell, south of 

 Lakes Superior and Michigan in the Western States. Four tribes 

 have lately been added to the Algonquin family. One of these, the 

 Bethucks of Newfoundland, is extinct. The others are the Blackfoots 

 on the Saskatchewan, extending west to the Rocky Mountains; and 

 the Arrapahoes and Shyennes farther to the south. Dr. Latham has 

 suggested a connection of the Blackfoot with the Hailtsa in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Vancouver's Island, thus linking the Algonquin with the 

 Nas languages of the Pacific coast. It is but a suggestion, however, 

 and I have not been able to verify the connection. But there seem 

 good reasons for finding Algonquin resemblances among the Sahaptin 

 or Nez Perce tribes, whose habitat lies farther south on the same side 

 of the Bocky Mountains, over against the Blackfoot. and Shyenne 

 country. Let this be established, and the Algonquin area extends 

 across the whole continent from the east to the extreme west. To 

 the Sahaptin relationship I make for the present no reference. 



The Old World family of languages with which I have affiliated the 

 Algonquin dialects is the Malay- Polynesian, a vast grovip extending 

 from the Malayan peninsula to New Zealand, and from Madagascar 

 to Easter Island. My vocabularies, while sufficiently extensive to 

 indicate the relationship of the two families, are not sufficiently so to 

 permit me to point out the particular divisions, Malay or Polynesian, 

 Micronesian or Polynesian proper, with which the Algonquins coincide. 

 Nor do I imagine for a moment that the Algonquins are the only 

 American tribes whose course of migration is to be found in the line 

 of Malay-Polynesian languages and influence. In the tables which 

 accompany this paper I have taken a selection of words, thirty in all, 

 representing nouns, adjectives and verbs, the most simple and charac- 

 teristic, and thus least liable to suffer from foreign influences ; and, 

 grouping them according to their varying Algonquin forms, have 

 compared them with analogous forms occurring within the Malay- 

 Polynesian languages. They will be found to present such close and 

 widespread resemblances as, I think, to render difficult the task of 

 the objector. At the same time, the very partial representation of 

 the Malay-Polynesian languages which my materials have enabled 

 me to give, leads to the belief that, with a more extensive stock of 



