174 ASIATIC TRIBES OF NOKTH AMERICA. 



ekhe, and the Tacully chaca, -woman. The Tungus tirgani, day, is 

 the Koltchane tiljcan ; tog, fire, the Ugalenze takak ; dzsho, housej 

 the Kutchin zeh ;' okat, river, the Tacully okox ; chukito, belly, the 

 Ugalenze kagott ; gal, hand, the Tlatskanai kholaa ; ogot, nose, the 

 Navajo hutchih ; amai, father, the Tlatskanai mama ; and any a, 

 mother, the Kenai anna. In the accompanying vocabulary a com- 

 parison is instituted between a collection of Tinneh words derived 

 from various sources and part of the material of the Tungusic lan- 

 guages furnished by Klaproth. 



The Tinneh languages exhibit their Northern Turanian character 

 in the absence of true gender, and the substitution for it of a distinc- 

 tion between nouns as intelligent or unintelligent, noble or ignoble, 

 animate or inanimate. This it has in common with the Tungus. 

 The formation of the plural by affixing an advei'b of quantity marks 

 equally the Tinneh languages and the Mantchu. The adverb of 

 quantity thus employed, which is lau in certain tribes, is like the 

 Turkish plural in ler. There is the closest affinity between the 

 Tungus and the Tinneh languages in regard to the innumerable 

 modifications of the verb to express variety and quality of action 

 found in each. Both groups agree in prefixing the pronoun to the 

 verb, thus difiering from the Ugrian and Turkish order of pronominal 

 affixes. Occasionally, however, the temporal index is iijfixed 

 between the pronoun and the verbal root in Tinneh, while, as far as 

 known to me, it is final in the Tungusian languages, as it is in 

 several tenses of the Tinneh. In Tungus and Tinneh, equally, the 

 accusatives precede the verb. The formation of the genitive by 

 preposing the noun possessor, followed by the third personal pronoun, 

 to the object possessed, characterizes both families. They agree, also, 

 in employing post positions only instead of prepositions. The 

 Mautchu adjective is generally prefixed to its noun, but in some, 

 at least, of the Tinneh dialects it follows. Yet the possessive adjective 

 precedes as in Matchu. The above mentioned grammatical relation- 

 ships of the Tinneh and Tungus, although far from exhaustive, are 

 sufficiently important to give weight to any other evidence linguistic 

 or ethnological that may be adduced. 



Various writers, generally, however, in seeking to account for the 

 origin of the Esquimaux, have referred to the pressure northwards 

 and eastwards of Tartar tribes in the fourteenth and previous 

 csnturies ; and, among the nations whom they supposed the Yakuts 



