ASIATIC TRIBES OP NORTH AMERICA. 199 



Minetarees, loways, Osages? Ottoes, Omahas, Quappas, Konzas and 

 Hidatsas. Their warlike and independent character is well known, 

 especially in connection with their recent encounter with the Ameri- 

 can troops ' and the subsequent withdrawal of some of them to 

 Canadian territory. 



The Dacotah word for man, male, is wika^ wicasta, and this is the 

 Tchuktchi uika ; while other terms, such as hihna and oeeteka, relate 

 to the Aino aino and the Japanese otoko. Similarly, the words for 

 woman, wingy, winnokejah, wakka-angka and tawiku, represent the 

 Loo Choo innago, the Tchuktchi aganak, and the Loo Choo tackki. 

 The general lexical resemVjlances of the Dacotah and Peninsular, 

 within the limits, at least, of my somewhat defective vocabvilaries, 

 <ire not by any means so close as between the Choctaw and the 

 Peninsular. Still, there are some striking forms. Such are the 

 Dacotah echong, make, and the Loo Choo oochoong ; dowang, sing, 

 and the Loo Choo ootayoong ; yazang, sick, and the Loo Choo 

 jjadong; cangte, heart, and the Japanese sing, &c. The Kamtchat- 

 dale connects intimately with some of the Dacotah dialects, particu- 

 larly with the Assineboin. The Dacotah wahcheesh, child, is the 

 Kamtchatdale pahatshitsh ; matsi, knife, is wattsho ; toka, sevant, is 

 tahequatsh) hto, arm, is settoo ; ataki, white, is altagJio, &c. The 

 Tchuktchi necessarily is connected ; and we have the Dacotah eeneek, 

 eejinggai, cingksi, boy, in the Tchuktchi iegnika; cang, day, is gau- 

 nak ; nijihah, hair, is nujak ; nahsso, head, is naskok ; ecat, small, is 

 eki.tachhi ; neah, mini, water, is, nouna ; tehha, lake, istouga; on- 

 kahah, finger, is ainhanka, &c. Of the few Corean words known to 

 me, several answer to the Dacotah equivalents ; thus the Dacotah 

 akhu!, ear, is the Corean qui ; uohta, good, is hot a; paykee, hair, is 

 hode ; cezi, tongue, is ckay ; and pezi, grass, is phee. 



I have mentioned verbal terminations as my guides to the affilia- 

 tion of the Dacotah languages. In Dacotah a common termination 

 for verbs is that variously rendered cmg, ong, ung, as in yatkang, eat, 

 nakong, hear, pahmung, spin, tongwang, see, echong, make, manong, 

 steal. Captain Clifford, in his vocabulary of the LooChoo language 

 appended to Basil Hall's voyage, draws attention to a similar ter- 

 mination of the verb. He says : " I have, throughout the vocabu- 

 lary considered the termination oong to denote the infinitive and have 

 translated it as such, even when the sense points to another word, 

 merely to preserve consistency ; there are, however, a few excep- 

 14 



