JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 67 
the south pole downwards south of the equator (this is called the 
inclination or dip of the needle); 8—That every purely magnetic 
action on the magnet has its source in some other magnetic body, 
and therefore we are naturally led to the conclusion that the reason 
why at every point of the earth’s surface the magnetized needle 
assumes a definite position is that the earth itself is a huge magnet. 
FARRADISM AND THE ELECTRO MAGNET. 
The electrical faker largely prefers this field of electricity, be- 
cause this current manifests itself by a buzzing noise more or less 
intense, and gives a current of considerable sensation, both of which 
tend to impress the patient, but in reality the quality of electricity 
received into the patient’s system is very small. ‘The Farradic bat- 
tery in medicine is simply the mechanical apparatus driven by 
electricity constructed to produce contraction of the muscles and in 
this way is good in massage treatment, just as the motor is a 
mechanical apparatus driven by electricity constructed to produce 
power and motion. In the mercantile world it has its great use, 
as upon Farradism or the electric magnet depends the magnetic 
telegraph and X-ray. An electro magnet is usually a very soft iron 
cord surrounded by a coil of insulated wire, in which magnetism is 
induced by a flow of electricity through the coil of wire. The value 
of the electric magnet depends upon the fact of its being enabled to 
rapidly acquire its magnetism on the passage of the magnetizing 
current, and as readily to lose its magnetism on the cessation of 
such currents. 
X-RAY. 
It will surprise many of this intelligent gathering who are here 
this evening to learn that X-rays are invisible. No living being has 
ever seen an X-ray or ever will, unless in time to come through the 
great process of evolution the obliging cells of which the retina of ° 
our eyes are composed still further specialize themselves into a new 
organ for their recognition. The Spectrum shows that composite 
light is made up of many rays, among which are heat rays, chemical 
rays and actinic rays of active properties, but without luminous 
effect upon the eye, and X-rays belong to this class. Farrady, 
Giesler, Crooks and many other distinguished scientists had experi- 
mented upon the passage of electric currents of high tensure through 
