JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, ffi 
great disturbance of the sun’s surface which accompanies a great 
terrestrial storm is generally heralded by a smaller disturbance three 
or four days previous, succeeded by a comparative calm, which 
immediately proceeds the magnetic storm. There is one instance 
on record of a sudden solar change which was practically simultan- 
eous with a magnetic disturbance on earth. We cannot suppose 
that a small black spot on the sun exerts any direct influence on the 
earth’s magnetism or electricity, but we must rather conclude that 
the black spot is a result of a disturbance at the sun, which is 
accompanied by an emanation of some influence from the sun, which 
is almost instantly felt upon the earth in an unusual disturbance of 
the earth’s magnetism shown by the tracings of the needle. The 
appearance favors the idea that there is a direct flow of electricity 
from the sun. It has been demonstrated that the declination and 
inclination of the needle are affected by the time of day by the 
aurora borealis by the position of the sun north or south of the 
equator at the time when sun spots appear. To produce a change 
in the declination it is necessary that the needle should receive 
some magnetic influence from without, and only through a magnetic 
influence can it be affected ; therefore I argue that the cause of 
light, the aurora borealis and the sun spots must be electrical, and 
that there is a most intimate connection existing between the solar 
magnetism and terrestrial magnetism—in fact they are the same— 
and for every effect produced in the sun’s magnetism there is an 
analogous effect in the terrestrial magnetism ; for example: the 
electric light system, if there is a break or any irregularity at the 
power-house, though situated many miles away as at Hamilton, at 
Decew Falls, there is a corresponding effect produced in the most 
distant light, but the connection between sun and earth is not by 
wires, but wireless. I would, from the electrical standpoint, prefer 
to regard the sun as a mass surrounded by atmospheric cushion, 
and that solar laws are practically identical with terrestrial laws, and 
therefore I claim that the sun is not hot and its rays are not hot, and 
do not directly heat the earth, but that the sun furnishes the elec- 
trical power and that the earth heats itself. The sun’s rays come to 
the earth as electricity, which is convertable into light, heat and all 
vital force. This light, heat and vital force is generated in the 
dense atmosphere of the earth at its surface, where it is needed for 
