THE MEII WHO MADE CORNISH MINES. 433 



These facts, and the figures published by Sir J. Maclean, 

 in the Journal E.I.C., Vol. IV, p. 189, show that the develop- 

 ment of the tin mining from the commencement of the historical 

 period, has steadily proceeded from the east towards the west, 

 and it seems to me clear that the mineral wealth of Cornwall 

 was discovered and worked by pioneers coming from the east, 

 who brought with them the English words for the methods in 

 which they sought their fortunes in the K!londyke of the middle 



The legend of Jack the Tinkard, for what it is worth, leads 

 to the same conclusion. Jack, who came to Towednack and 

 showed the natives the stores of tin which the giants had left, 

 " was bred in a county more than a month's journey to the 

 East, and having heard that there were rich tin lands in the 

 "West, travelled down to try his luck; " and a confirming sidelight 

 is thrown on the matter by a petition from the Stannators to 

 the Lord Warden in 1620, in which they state that "the 

 working tinners are in numbers and degree the least and 

 meanest part of us and for the most part foreigners, and hired 

 to work in our tinworks for day wages." 



We still have to consider the problem of the German words 

 which I mentioned, and I think that history here too gives us 

 a clear explanation. 



" Between 1580 and 1603, Queen Elizabeth paid much atten- 

 tion to the mines, and sent to Germany and obtained the 

 services of a large body of practical men, who were dispersed 

 over the kingdom and introduced a better system of mining." 



We know from two sources that some of these Germans 

 came into Cornwall. 



Carew, writing in 1602, tells us that Sir Eras. Godolphin 

 entertained a ''Dutch mineral man," and "taking light from 

 his experience, but building thereon far more profitable con- 

 clusions of his own invention, hath practised a more saving way 

 in these matters, and besides made tin with good profit of that 

 refuse which the tinners rejected as nothing worth," — and we 

 learn from Col. Francis's History 9f Swansea that Ulrick Frosse, 

 whose name would be sufficient evidence of his nationality, 

 even if we were not told that he was " one of Mr. Weston's 



