434 THE MEN "WHO MADE COENISH MINES. 



Germans," was manager of a copper mine at Perransands in 

 1584. 



We have no record of the improvements which these 

 Germans introduced, but it is noteworthy that all the German 

 words relate to under-ground working, shaft, stull, etc. Now 

 when we add to this the fact that in a work on mines published 

 in Germany by Agricola in 1646, plates are given showing 

 shafts, levels, pumps, and windlasses, as in use in that country 

 at that time, it seems to be a fair inference that these Germans 

 introduced deep under-ground mining into Cornwall. And the 

 shambles, cofiB.ns, and other old men's workings represent the 

 methods which were in use before the spacious times of Great 

 Elizabeth. 



