254 Existence of Radicals in the Amphide Salis disproved. 
which is here described. Should any additional illustration be 
requisite, it will be found in a note subjoined.* 
75. I will, in the next place, consider the phenomena observed 
by Professor Daniell, when solutions of potassa and sulphate of 
copper, separated by a membrane, were made the medium of a 
voltaic current. 
76. Of these I here quote his own account—(Philosophical 
Magazine and Journal, Vol. xvu, p. 172)— 
‘‘ A small glass bell, with an aperture at top, had its mouth closed by 
tying a piece of thin membrane over it. It was half filled with a dilute 
solution of caustic potassa, and suspended in a glass vessel containing a 
strong neutral solution of sulphate of copper, below the surface of which 
* It is easy to understand how a simultaneous appearance of oxygen and acid 
at the anode, and soda and hydrogen at the cathode, may ensue, simply by the 
electrolyzation of the alkaline base from the following association of formule. 
Anhydrous sulphuric acid is represented by the usual formula, SO3 ; oxygen by 
the usual symbol, O; sodium by Na; water, acting as asolvent, by HO. Each 
atom of oxygen, sodium, or acid, is numbered from right to left, 1, 2, 3, 4, so that 
the change of position consequent to electrolysis may be seen. 
12 2. 3. 4, Water. 
Anode O O O O HO Cathode. 
1 a 3h 4 
an Ten on en 
Na Na Na Na 
1 2 3h 4 
LEA eA CY" LO 
SO3 SO3 SO3 SO3 
HO HO HO HO 
L. 2 3. 4. 
Anode O O O O O H Cathode. 
] 2. 3 4, 
eon en ~a eon 
Na Na Na Na 
2. Bh 4 
LON LEA LEA 
SO3 SO3 803 SO3 
HO HO HO HO 
As the atoms are situated in the second arrangement, the atom of oxygen (1), is 
1, ; 
enn 
at the anode, the atom of sodium, Na, with which it had been united, having been 
transferred to the second atom of sulphuric acid, which had yielded its sodium to 
3. 
rea 
the third atom of acid, SO3, this having, in like manner, yielded its sodium to 
4 4. 
YN | etna 
the fourth atom of acid, SO3, from which the fourth atom of sodium, Na, had 
been abstracted by the electrolytic power. The atom of sodium thus removed 
from the fourth atom of acid, is represented in union with the oxygen of an atom 
of water, of which the hydrogen, H, is at the cathode. 
