264 A New Instrument for estimating the quantity of 
the number of degrees of acid used to dissolve fifty grains of 
carbonate of lime, but as it is desired that the liquid should be 
so made as to require 50° of it to dissolve fifty grains of the car- 
bonate, it is diluted with the proper quantity of water. For 
example, suppose the fluid marked 65° after the experiment; this 
indicates that 35° of the acid solution were required to dissolve 
the 50 grains. Now instead of 35° we require it to take 50° to 
dissolve the same quantity, so that by making up the difference 
between the thirty five and fifty with water the solution is pre- 
pared; that is to say, to every thirty five parts of the acid experi- 
mented with, fifteen parts of water are added. ‘The solution can 
be again tested if necessary, and slight modifications made. 
Preparation of the alkaline solution.—The alkaline solution 
is now prepared with ease. Let fall 50° of the acid into a vessel, 
then make a mixture of equal parts of ammonia and water, fill 
the instrument to the 100°, and let it flow upon the acid, and 
mark the point at which the acid is neutralized ; suppose it to be 
twenty, then 80° have been used for that purpose ; but it must 
be so made as that it will require 100°, therefore to every eighty 
parts of the solution experimented with, add twenty parts of wa- 
ter. In making either of these solutions, one gallon can 
be made with the same ease as one ounce, and more- 
over, when they are once made, there is never any 
necessity of recurring to the carbonate of lime, as the 
acid may now be prepared with aid of the ammonia. 
Thus, then, 50° of acid dissolve exactly fifty grains 
of pure carbonate of lime, and 100° of the ammonia 
neutralize fifty of the acid. 
As using the same tube for both acid and alkali is 
attended with some inconvenience, having to wash it 
out after using one before introducing the other, I have 
used an additional tube, (fig. 2,) about the same diame- 
ter and a little more than half as long as the calcarime- 
ter, for the acid. It has simply three marks upon it; | > 
the capacity of the tube from the point marked a to the | ¢ 
lower extremity is equal to the capacity of 50° of the 
other tube, and the other two marks correspond to ten 
and five; the use that is made of these, will be hereafter ex- 
plained. 
Fig. 2. 
