Greek Verbal Roots in English. 285 
‘10 see,’ by transposition 4/drac ; tmesis, ‘a separation,’ from a/tam, 
‘to cut,’ by transposition and precession of vowel a/tme; emblem, 
‘something inlaid,’ from a/bal, ‘to cast? or ‘lay,’ by transposition and 
precession of vowel a/dle. 
3. The last consonant of the root sometimes adapts or accommodates 
itself to the first consonant of the suffix; as, crypt, ‘hidden,’ from 
a/cryb, ‘to hide,’ by accommodation a/cryp ; prolepsis, ‘ anticipation,’ 
from a/lab, ‘to take,’ by precession of vowel and accommodation 
a/lep; apsis, ‘juncture, from a/aph, ‘to join, by accommodation 
a/ap; practical, ‘doing, from a/prag, ‘to do, by accommodation 
a/prac ; apoplectic, ‘striking down,’ from a/plag, ‘to strike,’ & pre- 
cession of vowel and accommodation a/plec ; hectic, ‘ habitual,’ from 
«/hech, ‘to have,’ by accommodation a/hec; dogma, ‘an opinion,’ 
from a/doc, ‘to seem,’ by accommodation a/dog ; paradigm, ‘an ex- 
ample,’ from a/dic, ‘to show,’ by accommodation a/dig. 
4. The last consonant of the root sometimes assimilates itself to the 
first letter of the suffix; as, comma, ‘a segment,’ from a/cop, ‘to cut; 
lemma, ‘a received truth,’ from a/lab, ‘to take,’ by precession of 
vowel a/led. . 
5. The last consonant of the root is sometimes cut off before the 
suffix by syncope; (1.) 2; as, climate, ‘a country in reference to its 
geographical position,’ from a/clin, ‘to lean; (2.) d; as, phrase, 
‘a speaking,’ from a/phrad, ‘to say; (3.) th; as, plastic, ‘ forming,’ 
from a/plath, ‘to form,’ by dropping the final th and strengthening the 
vowel a/plas ; (4.) the digamma or wu; as, pleiad, the name of a star, 
from «/pleu, ‘ to sail,’ by dropping the final u and then protracting the 
vowel ¢, a/plei. 
6. The final vowel of the root is sometimes strengthened before the 
suffix by an epenthetic s; as, caustic, ‘ burning,’ from a/cau, ‘to burn ;’ 
schism, ‘a division,’ from a/schid, ‘to divide,’ by dropping the final 
d and strengthening the vowel a/schis; spasm, ‘a contraction,’ from 
A/spa, ‘to draw.’ 
II. The following changes arise from internal inflection, or change 
of vowel within the root itself. 
1. The radical vowel a is sometimes protracted by internal inflec- 
tion ; as, system, ‘things standing together,’ from a/sta, ‘to stand,’ by 
protraction and precession of vowel ste. So emblem from /bal; 
tmesis from a/tam. 
2. The radical vowel a is sometimes changed into o by internal in- 
flection; as, ode, ‘a song,’ from a/aed, ‘to sing ;’ tome, ‘a volume,’ 
from a/tam, ‘to cut;’ tone, ‘a note,’ from a/tan, ‘to stretch ;’ para- 
bole, ‘a comparing,’ from 4/bal, ‘ to cast’ or ‘lay.’ 
Ill. The following were originally emphatic processes for expressing 
with more force the idea of continued action. 
