286 Greek Verbal Roots in English. 
1. The radical vowel a is sometimes protracted ; as, Jemma, ‘a re- 
ceived truth,’ from 4/lab, ‘to take,’ by protraction and precession of 
vowel a/leb; phenomenon, ‘something appearing,’ from a/pha, ‘to 
show,’ by protraction and precession of vowel, and by the addition of 
n, A/phen. 
2. The radical vowel is sometimes strengthened by a nasal ; as, 
tympanum, ‘a drum,’ from a/typ, ‘to strike.’ 
3. The radical vowel is sometimes strengthened by guna, that is, 
is changed into eu; as, zewgma, ‘a juncture,’ from a/zyg or zug, ‘to 
join;’ pentateuch from a/tych or tuch. 
4. The two first letters of the root are sometimes repeated; as, 
synagogue, ‘an assembling together,’ from 4/ag, ‘ to lead’ or ‘ bring.’ 
5. The form of the root is sometimes lengthened, (1.) by the addi- 
tion of a vowel; as, esthetic, ‘pertaining to rhetoric or taste,’ from 
a/aesth, ‘to perceive ;? Genesis, ‘origin,’ from a/gen, ‘to produce ;’ 
(2.) by the addition of the consonant n; as, diaphanous, ‘shining 
through,’ from 4/pha, ‘ to show ;’ or ¢; as, baptize, ‘to immerse,’ from 
a/baph, ‘to immerse,’ by accommodation and strengthening a/bapt ; 
(3.) by the addition of a vowel and consonant; as, aumesis, ‘ increase,’ 
from a/aug, ‘to mcrease.’ 
LIST OF GREEK VERBAL ROOTS IN ENGLISH. 
1. a/a, (Gr. 4/é, —Sansc. a4/wd,) breathing; whence air for aer, 
(s/a-++ suff. er,) the fluid which we breathe ; aerial, (4/a-+ suff. er ++ 
suff. i+Lat. suff. al,) pertaining to the air. 
2. a/aed, (Gr. a/40,) by internal inflection oed, (Gr. ¢0,) singing ; 
whence ode, (a/oed +e mute,) a song; tragedy, (a/trag + a/oed +- 
suff. y,) literally a goat-song. 
3. a/aesth, (Gr. »/aiod,) with lengthened form aesthe, (Gr. aiode,) 
perceiving ; whence esthetic, («/aesthe-+double suff. tic,) relating to 
perception, particularly of the beautiful. 
4. r/aeth, (Gr. o/cit,) shining; whence ether, (a/aeth--suff. er,) 
the shining upper air. 
5. a/ag, (Gr. a/ay, =Lat. »/ag,) by internal inflection og, (Gr. oy,) 
leading or bringing ; whence paragoge, (pref. para+-s/ag repeated+- 
suff. e,) a bringing or putting on of a letter or syllable to the end of a 
word ; synagogue, (pref. syn+-/ag repeated-ue mute,) a congrega- 
tion of Jews; demagogue, (a/dem+-a/ag repeated +-uwe mute,) a peo- 
ple-leader. ; 
6. a/aph, (Gr. »/ep or ap, —Lat. a/ap,) joining; whence apsis, 
plur. apsides, (4/aph--suff. sid,) literally a juncture. 
7. “/arch, (Gr. 4/é0z,) beginning, leading ; whence arch, adj. chief ; 
archon, (a/arch-+-suff. on,) a Grecian magistrate ; monarch, (4/mon -+- 
