XXX1X 
Regarding early copper-mining in Cornwall, it may not-——even 
now—be too late to recover additional information ; for, during 
the past year, I have been favoured by a friend* with original 
records of the qualities and prices of copper-ores sold in this 
County at periods earlier than those mentioned by either Borlase. 
or Pryce. Of this remarkable document I hope to supply some 
account hereafter. 
On the Pary’s mountain in Angleseat at Dolfrwynog and Cae 
Mawr in Merioneth,{ and near Glandore in Cork,§ beds of peat 
are largely charged with metallic copper; nothing of the kind, 
however, has yet been discovered in Cornwall. 
As the water-charge is always a heavy item of expenditure in 
mines, ingenuity ever has been, and still is, exercised to diminish it. 
The adit, the windlass, the hand-, and the rag and chain-pump, the 
whim and the water-wheel, were all adopted in turn.|| At length, 
however, mines were deepened beyond the power of men and of 
horses to drain them and opened where water was unavailable; the 
only resource of the miner, therefore, was the steam-engine. 4] 
The earlier (atmospheric) steam-engines on the mines of Corn- 
wall have been minutely described ;** but of the numbers set up,{}t 
* Mr. Henry Williams, of Alma, near Truro. 
+ Pennant, Tour in Wales, iii., p. 61. 
+ Henwood, Reports of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, xxxviii., p. 41. 
Ramsay, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, ii., p. 45. 
§ Weaver, Geol: Trans: v., N.S., p. 27. 
|| Carew, Survey of Cornwall, f.11. Pryce, Mineral: Cornub: pp. 145 
-152. Dela Beche, Report, p. 547. Combes, Annales des Wines, 3me. Série, 
v., p. 363. 
q Borlase, Natural History, pp. 170-174. Pryce, Mineral: Cornub: pp. 
153-160, 307-313. 
** Borlase, Natural History, pp. 172-174. Pryce, Mineral: Cornub: 153 
-160. Farey, Steam-Hngine, 190-204. 
“The present fire-engine is now of about seventy years’ standing.” 
Pryce, Mineral: Cornub: (1778), p. 153. 
“The first steam-engine in Cornwall was erected on Huel Vor, a tin 
mine in Breage, which was at work from 1710 to 1714.” Carne, Cornwall 
Geol: Trans: iii., (1827), p. 50. 
“Tt could not have been. many years after 1720, that the first engine 
was erected in Cornwall, at Huel Rose, seven or eight miles from Truro.” 
Reppine, Yesterday and To-day, i., p. 128. : 
f+ Nineteen engines have been particularized ;—viz— 
At Ludgvan-lez.. one of 47 inches cylinder. | Pitt-lovarn? ......- two. 
‘,, Herland..... one Olas, . Polgooth ...... so6os Ome, 
Ome) 5, GA, st Godolphin. .....+.. one 
>, Chacewater one ,, 64 i Bullen-garden..... one. 
Oi 55 1 | “4 IDO CHD coco 600000 one. 
», North Downs. two ,, — IF QING 5 ob 60 bO0RcS two. 
UP GOU sis recaiele:« one 5, 361 5, ie Bosproudl......... one. 
by CAM TOR? Bo OUND fp | x Wheal Virgin..... . one. 
