xii 
. were engaged, many most ingenious novelties were brought’ for- 
ward by all parties.* Bull’s “device, to place the steam- cylinder 
immediately over the engine-shaft, and to connect the pump-rod 
with the piston-rod, without intervention of a (bob) beam,+ was 
adopted in several instances ; and is not yet forgotten.t Horn- - 
blower§ the most dangerous—because he was the most indefati- 
gable, the ablest, and the most strongly-supported—of their 
antagonists, obtained, in two cylinders, the same results only 
which they had already accomplished in a single cylinder; Boulton 
and Watt therefore claimed dues from all the mines|| on which 
Hornblower’s engines had been set up. As the contest was so 
keen, there can be little doubt that the performances of the 
several machines were sharply scrutinized; yet the duty of but 
one—out of fourteen which had been erected—is on record ; of 
this, however, we have separate accounts from parties in the 
opposite interests ; 
One representing is duty to have been 14°8 millions } 
per bushel [19-7 millions per cwt.] .....-..-... f 
The other representing the duty to have been 16:6 
millions per bushel [22-1 millions per cwt.] .... 
of coal consumed. 
of coal consumed. 
* Gregory, Mechanics, ii., pp. 378-379, 381-388, Pl. xxx., Fig. 7, 8, 11, 
12. Farey, Steam-Engine, pp. 384-393, 673. Pole, Cornish Pumping En- 
gine, p. 37. Smiles, Lives of Boulton and Watt, pp. 298, 304, 306, 309, 334 
-335. 
+ Lean, Historical Statement, p. 8. 
+ ‘An engine on this construction has lately been erected at a mine at 
Creegbroaz, south of Chacewater..... 2 
“The inverted construction has also been lately adopted.... at the 
Gravesend Water Works, and also in Belgium.” 
Poue, Cornish Pumping Engine, p. 37. 
§ Jonathan Hornblower, who died at Penryn in 1815, was fourth son of 
Jonathan Hornblower, and grandson of Joseph Hornblower, a native of 
Bromsgrove or its vicinity, who—about 1725—visited Cornwall in order to 
set up (at Wheal Rose some seven or eight miles from Truro) the first of 
Newcomen’s (atmospheric) steam-engines. Reppine, Yesterday and To-day, 
i., pp. 128-136. Pole, Cornish Pumping Engine, pp. 28-29, 71. 
|| List of Engines on Hornblower’s construction... from the original in 
the hand-writing of Mr. Wilson (of Whitehall in Kenwyn) Messrs. Boulton 
and Watt’s financial agent; viz—Tincroft, Wheal Unity, Tresavean, Wheal 
Margaret, Wherry, Wheal Pool, Wheal Providence, Baldice, (? Baldue), 
- Wheal Tregothnan, East Pell, Lostwithiel, Wheal Towan. Pour, Cornish 
Pumping Engine, p. 39. 
q Hornblower’s engine at Tincroft had one cylinder of 27, the other of 
21 inches diameter; the stroke, in the former was 8, in the latter 6 feet, 
and in the pump 5 feet 10 inches; it worked rather more than seven strokes 
per minute, consumed on an average 22 bushels of coal per day, and lifted a 
column of water said to have weighed 5,541 Ibs.; thus performing a duty of 
14:8 millions per bushel [or 19-7 millions per ewt.] of coal consumed. 
Farry, (Wruson), Steam-Hngine, p. 387. (Abridged). According to Tre- 
vithick and Morcom [Manager of Wheal Towan] the same engine performed 
