xliv 
but neither bears favourable comparison with the engines of 
Boulton and Watt.* ; 
Until the latter part of the last century lifting-pumps (bucket- 
lifts) only were in use ;t but, about 1796, they were replaced by 
forcing-pumps (plunger-lifts),t in shallow parts§ of the United, 
and several neighbouring, mines,|| which were still superintended 
by Murdoch, the ingenious, able, prompt, and popular representa- 
tive of Boulton and Watt in this County. Observations by 
different persons in various mines§] show that the actual, bears 
to the calculated, discharge of water by the pumps, a mean pro- 
portion of 0:917 to 1. 
At the expiration of their patent Boulton and Watt withdrew 
from Cornwall, and the Mining Companies gave their machinery 
in charge to former foremen of the patentees,—to resident Engi- 
neers who in some cases had acted independently of, and in other 
had. transgressed the patent,—or to Mining-agents who had be- 
come acquainted with the principle and operation of the steam- 
in April 1792, a duty of 16°6 millions per bushel [or 22-1 millions per ewt. ] 
of coal. 
Wilson, Comparative statement of the effects of Messrs. Boulton and 
Watt’s Steam-Engine, with Newcommen’s and Mr. Hornblower’s, pp. 12-15, 
17-19. 
(MS. of the late Davies Gilbert, Hsq., D.C.L.; M.P.; P.R.S.) Pos, 
Cornish Pumping Engine, p. 37. 
+ Ante, pp. 41, 42, Notes. 
+ ‘<A considerable improvement has [of late years] taken place in the 
“arrangement of the pit-work, for the purpose of raising a part of the water 
‘by means of plungers or forcing pumps; before these were adopted all the 
“water was drawnefrom the mine by the up-stroke of the engine.”. Carne, 
Cornwall Geol: Trans: iii., p. 59. 
+ Taylor, Records of Mining, i., p. 134, Pl. xiii., xiv., Fig. 2; Annales 
des Mines, 3Bme Série, i., p. 218, Pl. iv. v., Fig. 2. Combes. L’ Exploitation 
des Mines, iii., p. 359, Pl. liv., Fig. 1. Pick and Gad, i., p. 38, Pl. 2. 
§ ‘Even should the water have risen [from accident] in the mine 
‘almost to the very top of the drawing-lift, the bucket may be drawn out 
‘and replaced with the greatest facility; this circumstance alone secures a 
‘preference to this kind of pump for the deepest parts of shafts.” Tayzor, 
Records of Mining, i., p. 182. 
|| Lean, Historical Statement, p. 9. Henwood, West Briton, (23rd 
April, 1841) xxxi., No. 1,606. (Sampson and Michell, Cornwall Geol: Trans: 
vili., p.570. Enys, Tran: Inst: Civil Engineers, iii., p. 463. Pole, Cornish 
Pumping Engine, p. 112. 
q At Wheal Towan, by Rennie and Henwood in 1830, Trans: Inst: 
Civil Engineers, li., p. 58. 
At Holmbush, by Wicksteed in 1838, Jbid, 11., p. 62. 
At the United Mines, by Enys in 1839, Jbid, iii., p. 457. 
