102 
by the straight line of the Hog’s Back, and on the south by a semi- 
circular range of the low hills extending from Seale on the east by 
Crooksbury Hill to Moor Park on the west. The surface of the tract 
being sandy and naturally bibulous, the proprietor of the farm has ren- 
dered it more retentive by a system of marling, and the rain water 
being consequently less absorbed than formerly, it is collected in an 
excavation called White-ways End Pond, at the western end of the 
Hog’s Back. From this pond a small stream flows towards Run- 
fold, and passing thence across the depressed chalk, continues its 
course to the county stream, or Blackwater river, receiving appa- 
rently a small augmentation from a spring at Andrew’s hop-kiln. 
This gap in the chalk at Runfold, not having been hitherto noticed 
by geologists, Mr. Long conceives, that it deserves to be recorded 
among the apertures of the North Downs. 
An extract was last read from a letter addressed to Mr. Lyell by 
Capt. Charters, F.G.S., and dated Cape Town, Nov. 12, 1838. 
During an extensive tour through the colony, Capt. Charters’s 
attention was drawn to a vast deposit of greenstone, overlying the 
horizontally stratified sandstone which occupies so large a portion of 
Southern Africa. The following localities are mentioned in the letter. 
A hill close to Fort Beaufort, on the Kaffir frontier. The banks of the 
Great Fish River, near the small town of Cradock, in the neighbour- 
hood of which quantities of spherical masses of trap are heaped to- 
gether, the surrounding sandstone mountains being of considerable 
elevation, and having their flanks and sometimes their tops very fre- 
quently covered with loose fragments of trap. On the right bank of 
the river and about a mile from the town, is exhibited a section, 
consisting in the lowest part of inclined strata of clay slate, in the 
middle of horizontal beds of sandstone, and in the uppermost of 
masses of trap. The same geological structure prevails in passing 
through the Tanka district, behind the Winterberg range to Shiloh, 
and thence to Colesberg, near the Orange river. From Colesberg, 
Captain Charters proceeded to Graf Keynet by the Schneeberg, and 
he found that the only variation in the nature of the country, consisted 
in a considerable diminution of the quantity of greenstone. The left 
of a narrow gorge through which the Sunday river passes, presents 
an abrupt precipice 300 feet high and as many yards long, composed 
of columnar greenstone resting at its foot on horizontal strata of 
sandstone. 
March 13.—Major George Walker Prosser, Cambridge Terrace, 
Regent’s Park; William Sanders, Esq., Park Street, Bristol ; Wil- 
liam Marshall, Esq., M.P.; and Robert Blagdon Hale, Esq., M.P., 
Alderly Park, Gloucestershire ; were elected Fellows of this Society. 
A paper on the geology of the North Western part of Asia Minor, 
from the peninsula of Cyzicus, on the coast of the sea of Marmara, 
to Koola, with a description of the Katakekaumene, by William John 
Hamilton, Esq., Sec. G.S., was read. 
