103 
The memoir is divided into two parts, the first containing an ac-. 
count of the country between Cyzicus and Koola, the second a 
description of the Katakekaumene. 
The line of route taken by Mr. Hamilton from Cyzicus, ascends 
the valley of the Macestus to the sources of that river near Simaul, 
then crosses the Demirji chain, and afterwards passes through Kars- 
kieui and Selendi to Koola, in the Katakekaumene, the whole distance 
being about 170 miles. ‘The principal leading feature of the district 
is the Demirji chain reaching from Pergamum on the west, to the lofty 
mountain of the Ak Dagh or Shapkhana Dagh on the east, and it is 
prolonged in that direction by a lofty range which extends H.S.E. 
to Morad Dagh, south of Kutahiyah, and thence by Aiom Karahissar to 
Sultan Dagh, an extension of one of the chains of Mount Taurus, 
so that the Demirji range forms a portion of the central axis of Asia 
Minor. The country traversed by Mr. Hamilton is also intersected 
by numerous hills, some of which exceed 1200 feet inheight. The 
lake of Maniyas is another marked feature in the district. The for- 
mations of which the country is composed, are,—1, schistose rocks 
with saccharine marble; 2, compact limestone resembling the scaglia 
of Italy and Greece; 3, tertiary sandstones; 4, tertiary limestones ; 
5, granite; 6, peperite; 7, trachyte; 8, basalt. Between Kespit 
and the Demirji chain is a deposit of white marl, which Mr. Ha- 
milton is of opinion, was accumulated in an ancient lake drained 
by some of the igneous operations which dislocated the horizontal 
tertiary limestone, and formed the traverses in the high hills between 
Kespit and Susugerli. 
1. The schists are composed of gneiss, mica slate, and clay slate, and 
they are associated with crystalline limestone. Argillaceous schists 
and marble occur between Cyzicus and Erdek; and thickly wooded 
hills, 1000 feet in height, which rise abruptly from the shore of the 
sea of Marmara, are capped by a fine marble. A little further 
eastward are extensive quarries of the same stone, to which Cy- 
zicus was partly indebted for having been ranked among the 
most splendid cities of antiquity. The limestone is interstratified 
with indurated marls and shales of various colours; the whole dip- 
ping from 70° to 80° S.E. by S.: and near Erdek S.W., or in each 
instance from the granitic nucleus of Cyzicus. Similar schists occur 
in the Demirji range, and in the Katakekaumene, associated with 
limestone. 
Between the 33rd and 34th miles from Simaul towards Koola, is 
a low ridge of hills of saccharine limestone, rising above the plateau 
of horizontal limestone, and belonging to the same formation as the 
hills about Koola. In the Katakekaumene, the older system of vol- 
canic cones is situated on these schists, and the newer in the ad- 
jacent alluvial plains, an important distinction accounted for in the 
description of that district. 
2. Compact Limestone resembling the scaglia of Italy and Greece 
occurs only south of the lake of Maniyas, and at the foot of the range 
of hills near the town ofthesamename. It is associated with beds of 
shale. A micaceous sandstone, which forms a range of broken and 
