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1. The limestone constitutes the promontory forming the eastern 
boundary of the Haven from Hook Point to the parallel of Sand Eel 
Bay, a distance of about 34 miles. Some of the beds are of a dark 
colour, and are so fissile as to be used for roofing-slate ; they are also 
highly sonorous when struck with a hammer, and are in consequence 
locally called the “ Black Bell.’”’ In the lower part of the formation, 
in Bryce’s Bay, the limestone is yellow. Fossils, including spined 
Productz and Crinoidez compose the greater part of some of the 
strata. Near the conglomerate the limestone alternates with thin 
layers of slate, and at the immediate junction is a stratum of fine red 
sand containing impressions of numerous fossils. The strata, where 
undisturbed, dip to the 8.S.W. at an angle of about 22°, but they 
are sometimes considerably contorted. 
2. The conglomerate composes a band about half a mile broad, 
stretching across the promontory from Sand Kel Bay to Herrylock, 
and is of a deep-chocolate colour. Jt constitutes Broom Hill, where 
it assumes partly the character of a compact grit, and partly that of 
a coarse compound of fragments of schist, quartz, and other pebbles 
imbedded in a chocolate-coloured cement ; the quartz pebbles being 
traversed by numerous fissures. Other patches of conglomerate oc- 
cur between King’s Bay and Buttermilk Castle, and are said to overlay 
the edges of highly-inclined strata of clay-slate. It forms also the 
hills north of the Suire in the county of Kilkenny, where it is worked 
for millstones, and it composes, with a few interruptions, the whole 
of the west side of the Haven. 
3. The clay-slate is extensively developed on the east side of the 
Haven from Temple Bay to Great Island at the confluence of the 
Suire with the Nore and the Barrow, forming a series of cliffs, in 
which the strata are excessively contorted. It also forms the cliffs 
from the west shore of the Nore opposite Little Island and the right 
bank of the Suire; a small patch of it occurs likewise south of 
Passage. The contortions in the cliffs on the east side of the Haven, 
Major Austin ascribes to lateral pressure, and he states that the 
ridges of clay-slate range at right angles to the band of conglo- 
merate which traverses the promontory at Sand Eel Bay. These 
contortions are more especially marked and numerous between 
Dollar Bay and Bluff Head, ranging from the top to the bottom 
of cliffs 250 feet in height. At the south poimt of Booley Bay 
the slate affords beautiful examples of ripple marks. It is stated to 
be perforated along the whole line of coast, by hollows varying in 
size from a pin’s point to five inches in length, and to the height of 
20 feet above high-water mark. On the hill above the Roman Ca- 
tholic chapel, north of Duncannon sands, the slate has a prismatic 
structure. It is stated to have been altered by igneous operations 
on the west side of Great Island and in Little Island. Near Bally- 
hack the cleavage is diagonal to the plane of stratification. 
4. Trap forms at Herrylock a mass protruding from the beach ; 
also the narrow point on which Duncannon Castle stands, where it 
is stated to rest on the tilted edges of clay-slate, and to have altered 
that rock into an indurated, stratified, yellow stone. A basaltic dyke 
