186 
» A sand-gall 20 feet in depth at Gallows Hill, may, he says, be ad- 
vanced as an objection to this hypothesis. The phenomena pre- 
sented by the sand-galls are stated to agree with those mentioned 
by Mr. Lyell in his paper read before the British Association at 
Birmingham. The sides are stated to be lined with yellow clay, 
stained black in some parts; and between the galls, the chalk-rubble 
is separated from the superincumbent gravel by a nearly continuous 
layer of similar clay, from one to two inches thick. The sand-gall 
at Gallows Hill, 20 feet deep, is described in detail, and stated to 
terminate upwards in a depression in the chalk-rubble. Its trunk is 
filled with flint pebbles enveloped in ferruginous sand, and in gene- 
ral more water-worn than those in the horizontal bed of gravel. 
The author found in it one perfectly rounded pebble of quartz rock. 
At the time he examined the district, he had not read Mr. Lyell’s 
paper on sand-galls, and therefore made no observations relative to 
their being the effects of acidulated water; and he will not venture 
to assert, that there were no fragments of chalk in the sand-gall de- 
scribed by him; but he says, if they exist, they are so much more 
rare in the gravel which fills it, than in that of the superincumbent 
bed, as to give to the contents of the sand-gall a very different as- 
pect. The surface of the bed of gravel was indented in a similar 
manner to that of the chalk, the furrows cutting through layers of 
loam and sand; but the line of separation between it and an overly- 
ing loosely aggregated mass of ferruginous sand, was not so neatly 
defined as between the bottom of the gravel and the surface of the 
chalk-rubble. 
In conclusion, Mr. Trimmer explains, that his reasons for assuming 
that the two deposits were not produced by long-continued marine 
action, are founded on the condition of the materials composing 
‘them. The chalk alone is worn to smooth pebbles, and in some 
cases the abrasion even of it is not complete; the flints also im- 
bedded in the rubble, are as sharp as in their native strata; and those 
contained in the gravel beds have undergone little more attrition. 
He calls attention, lastly, to the importance of determining, whether 
the deposits described in this paper have any equivalents in the cliffs 
of Cromer. 
On the same evening, after the ordinary business of the Society 
had been transacted, a Special General Meeting was held to consider 
the propriety of passing a Bye-Law, to enable Geologists residing in 
the British dependencies, and being British subjects, but known to 
Members of the Geological Society only by their works, to be re- 
commended as Candidates for election into the Geological Society, 
as Ordinary Fellows, such persons not being eligible into that class 
by Section III. Clause 3, or into the class of Foreign Mémbers by 
Section VIII. Clause 1. 
And further, to consider the articles of agreement upon which 
Mr. Greenough proposed to assign to the Geological Society the 
copper plates and manuscript description of the second edition of 
his Geological Map of England. 
