266 
the impression of shells, which must have been derived from still 
higher peaks; one cliff was a mile in perpendicular height above 
the nearest level. 
He first appears as the companion of Herbert in his survey of 
the course of the Sutlej, 1819. (Asiatic Researches, vol. xv. p. 339.) 
In the same vol. p. 469, he published observations on the climate 
of Subathu and Kotgerh. His labours in completing a geogra- 
phical survey of the valley of the Sutlej are the subject of a paper 
by the late Mr. H. T. Colebrooke in the Transactions of the Asiatic 
Society of London, vol. i. p. 343. From the diary of this survey, 
Mr. Colebrooke selected notes of Geological observations; and 
from specimens then collected, duplicates were sent to our Society. 
Upon these notes, and on Captain Gerard’s letters, written during 
his survey in the middle valley of the Sutlej, a sketch of the Geo- 
logy of the Himalaya was prepared by Mr. Colebrooke and pub- 
lished in the Geological Transactions of London*. 
The second volume of Sir W. Lloyd’s recent narrative of a jour- 
ney in the Himalaya, contains an account of Captain Gerard's at- 
tempt to penetrate on the north side of the Himalaya by Bekhur, 
to Garoo and the lake Manasarowara, near the source of the Sutlej. 
These letters are interspersed with many interesting geological ob- 
servations respecting the mineral productions and nature of the rocks 
of the country over which he travelled. He found the inclination of 
the strata to be usually perpendicular to the direction of the range, 
presenting long continuous slopes on the side towards which they 
dip, and terminating abruptly in rugged precipices towards the axis 
of the mountain chain. Near Bekhur, at the north side of the Hi- 
malaya, on the margin of the great table land of Tartary, elevated 
15,786 feet above the sea, he mentions the occurrence of gravel 
studded with Ammonites, not far from the Hookeo Pass, which 
presents mural precipices of limestone. 
In one excursion in the Himalaya he fell in with the late Bishop 
Heber, who devotes a long and eloquent passage in his journal to 
the expression of his praise and admiration of the scientific talent 
and enterprising spirit of Captain Gerard. He was an excellent 
Persian scholar, and acquainted with several other oriental lan- 
guages. 
* Vol. i, second series, p. 124. 
