288 
This sandstone extends to the surface, varying in thickness accord- 
ing to the undulations of the ground, but at one point over the 
Horse, the thickness is 94 yards. The sandstone sometimes passes into 
a conglomerate, containing fragments of coal, ironstone, and vege- 
table remains; also quartz pebbles, similar to those which abound in 
“ the pudding-stone,” a deposit between the carboniferous limestone 
and the old red sandstone, and which attains a considerable eleva- 
tion in the adjoining hills. The sandstone also encloses concre- 
tions of highly indurated, ferruginous sandstone, scattered irregu- 
larly throughout its mass ; and angular fragments of obliterated casts 
of vegetable remains, formed likewise of highly indurated sand- 
stone. 
The coal under the lows is generally mixed with particles of the 
sandstone of the roof; but it contains no boulders, angular frag- 
ments, or pebbles, as asserted by some observers; the supposed 
boulders and fragments being, Mr. Buddle observes, the concre- 
tions and vegetable remains of the roof, alluded to in the preceding 
paragraph. 
The fall of the Horse conforms to that of the strata or S. 31° E., 
but whether the “ fault” rises with the seam of coal to the outcrop 
on the S.E. side of the basin, remains to be proved. In the trans- 
verse section, the bed of the Horse is nearly horizontal. 
There are no indications on the surface by which the Horse can 
be traced beyond the limits explored under ground; and whether 
it produces any change in the overlying seams, can be determined 
only by future works. Mr. Buddle infers, that it does not descend 
any lower than the Coleford High Delf seam, in consequence of the 
evenness of the floor, and the entire absence in it of sandstone. 
In its underground characters, the Horse is similar to the “‘ washes” 
or aqueous deposits in many coal-fields, but it differs in not under- 
lying a river bed, or being in the bottom of a valley, and in not 
extending to the surface. In the Newcastle coal-field all the ‘‘ washes” 
cut through the whole of the strata, from the surface to that on 
which the wash reposes. 
In the workings of the Park End Colliery in Park End High Delf 
seam, which is situated 50 fathoms higher in the series than the 
Coleford High Delf, and two miles to the S.E. of the point to which 
the Horse has been traced, a great succession of “lows” has been 
found in crossing the line of the Horse, but no fault corresponding 
with the Horse. The coal is deteriorated in the same manner as in 
the Coleford seam. This colliery is situated beyond the centre of 
the basin, and where the strata rise in the opposite direction. Fu- 
ture workings alone can determine if there be any connexion be- 
tween the Horse and these “ lows.” 
In the direction of the Horse there is also an extraordinary oval 
depression of the Coleford High Delf, the centre of the seam 
being 20 feet below the ordinary level; and it remains to be 
proved if the Horse presents the same characters under the de- 
pression as elsewhere. 
From the phenomena exhibited by the Horse and the adjacent 
