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long islands which form the anchorage, are also composed of blue 
semi-crystalline limestone, without traces of bedding. 
3. Sighajik.—A rich alluvial plain, connecting the harbours of 
Sighajik and Teos, gradually rises to the eastward, towards the 
mountainous district, which extends to Smyrna. ‘To the west the 
plain is separated from the sea by a range of hills composed of 
thickly-bedded, white, cretaceous limestone, resembling closely the 
limestone near Smyrna, described by Mr. Strickland*. In some 
places it is underlaid by beds of sandstone, and sand containing cal. 
careous concretions. Just above the ruins of Teos, the limestone is 
very thinly bedded, with slightly micaceous marly way-boards, the 
inclination of the strata being 15° to the west ; and near the ancient 
harbour the white limestone is underlaid by a hard, brown, micaceous 
sandstone, associated with beds of hard nodular limestone, evidently 
belonging to a much older formation. Low undulating hills of this 
sandstone bound the plain to the north-west. One of the two insu- 
lated remarkable hills, seen from the anchorage, also consists of it, 
the other being composed of vertical beds of blue marble, probably 
belonging to the same formation. To the north-west of the plain, 
this marble passes into a beautiful breccia, associated with strata of 
brown sandstone. Mr. Hamilton saw no igneous rocks im situ, but 
numerous blocks of greenstone are scattered about the country. 
4. Scalanuova.—This town stands upon an insulated hill of blue 
semi-crystalline limestone, part of the western chain of Mount Mes- 
sogis. The limestone is similar to that which occurs near Ephesus 
and Mount Prion, where it is associated with beds of yellow mica- 
ceous sandstone. 
5. Boodroom.—The castle is built upon an insulated rock of simi- 
lar limestone, connected with beds of argillaceous shale, of various 
colours. The hills to the north of the town, and on which are trace- 
able the walls of the Acropolis of Halicarnassus, consist of the same 
formation, interstratified at one point with thin projecting bands of 
siliceous limestone. The low hills near the shore, and on which the 
ruins of Halicarnassus stand, are composed of horizontal beds of 
volcanic sand and trachytic conglomerate, formed chiefly of angular 
fragments of brown porphyritic trachyte. Five or six miles to the 
south-west of Boodroom is the conical hill of Chifoot-Kaleh, 1000 
feet high. It consists entirely of reddish trachyte ; and all the coun- 
try between it and Boodroom is composed of trachyte or trachytic 
conglomerates. The hills to the west of Chifoot-Kaleh are also tra- 
chytic, with indications of columnar structure. Trachyte likewise 
forms part, if not all, the promontory of Karabaghla, and the islets 
to the westward of it. The north-east dip of the limestone of Bood- 
room, Mr. Hamilton thinks, may be owing to the protrusion of the 
igneous rocks of Karabaghla and Chifoot-Kaleh. The shore 
abounded in one place with pebbles of pumice. 
6. Cnidus is situated near the extremity of Cape Krio, the west- 
ern end of the south shore of the Gulf of Cos. The whole peninsula 
is formed of blue semi-crystalline limestone, shale and sandstone, 
* Geol. Proceedings, vol. ii. p. 538; Geol. Trans., 2nd Series, vol. v. p. 393. 
