295 
the strata dipping near the extremity of the promontory 45° to the 
south-west, but increasing to a higher angle towards the east-north- _ 
east. 
The following is given by Mr. Hamilton as the general structure 
of the country :— 
Summit of the peninsula towards the west, thin-bedded calcareous 
shale and blue limestone, thickly bedded and cavernous. Eastward 
of the ruins, it is in some places interstratified with a hard greenish 
sandstone, resembling graywacke. ‘The sides of the hills are oc- 
easionally obscured, by a loose limestone breccia of more modern 
origin. 
The hills rise rapidly towards the east and north-east, and at the» 
distance of two miles exceed 2000 feet in height. Their summit is 
a narrow ridge, a quarter of a mile in length from north-west to 
south-east, and consists of laminated calcareous shales, dipping 45° 
to the south-west. These shales present a very steep escarpment 
towards the north-east, but are overlaid towards the south-west by 
the blue limestone. 
7. Island and shores of the Gulf of Syme.—The Gulf of Syme is 
separated from that of Cos by a narrow isthmus. ‘The island is an 
uniform mass of grayish-white compact scaglia, with occasional 
bands and nodules of siliceous limestone. In some places the lime- 
stone is thickly bedded, but in others thinly, with way-boards of 
marl; and in one locality it was observed to rest on greenish sand- 
stone. The thinner-bedded variety is sometimes reddish, and re- 
sembles the limestone of Mount Atairo, in the island of Khodes. 
The strata are occasionally horizontal, but on the brow of the high 
table-land above the town of Syme and in other districts they are 
inclined from 30° to 35° to the north and north-north-west; and 
beyond the harbour of Panermiotis 20° to the south and south-south- 
east. Mr. Hamilton found no organic remains in the island. 
The southern shore of the gulf consists of the same whitish com- 
pact scaglia, with nodules of flint and jasper. Some portions of it are 
a breccia, composed of fragments of white limestone in a pale red 
paste, or of red limestone in a white paste. At the eastern extre- 
mity of the gulf, a thinly bedded limestone alternates with bands of 
pale red jasper, the strata dipping 50° north-west; but in some 
places they are curiously contorted. The jasper increases in quantity 
towards the north-west, the limestone becoming less prominent. 
Mr. Hamilton did not land on the north side of the gulf, but several 
points appeared to him, viewed from the sea, to consist of a brown 
arenaceous conglomerate. 
8. Rhodes.—The northern half of the island, the portion visited 
by the author, consists chiefly of tertiary marine deposits, of se- 
condary limestone and of scaglia, with sandstones and conglome- 
rates. No igneous rocks were observed in situ, but numerous 
pebbles of greenstone and other traps were noticed in the conglo- 
merates near the centre of the island. 
TERTIARY STRATA.—These consist of a shelly testaceous lime- 
stone, sandstone, and conglomerates, and éxtend! in a zone of varia-~ 
Zaz 
