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of glaciers in Switzerland, he recognizes the form and condition of 
a moraine. - 
After these general remarks, Dr. Buckland proceeds to describe 
the evidence of glaciers observed by him in Scotland last autumn, 
partly before and partly after an excursion, in company with Prof. 
Agassiz; but he forbears to dwell on the phenomena of parallel ter- 
races, though he is convinced that they are the effects of lakes pro- 
duced by glaciers. J 
The district which Dr. Buckland examined previously to his ex- 
cursion with Prof. Agassiz, lay in the neighbourhood of Dumfries ; 
and. the line of country which he investigated subsequently, extended 
in Scotland from Aberdeen to Forfar, Blair Gowrie, Dunkeld, and 
by Loch Tumel and Loch Rannoch to Schiehallion and Taymouth, 
and thence by Crief, Comrie, Loch Earn Head, Callender and Stir- 
ling, to Edinburgh; and in England by Berwick, Wollar, the Che- 
viots, Penrith, and Shap Fell, to Lancashire and Cheshire. 
_Morainenear Dumfries,—The picturesque ravine of Crickhope Linn, 
about two miles north of Closeburn, and one mile east of Thornhill, in- 
tersects nearly horizontal strata of new red sandstone, and is traversed 
by the Dolland rivulet. On emerging from the upper end of the ra- 
vine a long terminal moraine is visible, stretching nearly across the 
- mountain valley, from which the Dolland Burn descends to fall into 
Crickhope Linn; and it resembles, when viewed from a distance, a 
vallum of an ancient camp, being covered with turf. It is formed 
principally of an unstratified mass of rolled pebbles, derived from the 
slates of the adjacent Lowder Hills, with a few rounded fragments 
of granite, the nearest rock of which zn situ is that of Loch Doon, in 
Galloway, thirty miles to the north-west. Its height yaries from 
twenty to thirty feet ; its breadth at the base is about one hundred 
feet, and its length is four hundred yards. At the southern extre- 
mity it is traversed by the Dolland rivulet, and at the northern by 
the Crickhope Water ; and in the centre it is intersected by a road. 
Moraines in Aberdeenshire.—Dr. Buckland considers the gravel and 
sand which cover the greater part of the granite table-land from Aber- 
deen to Stonehaven to be the detritus of moraines; and the large 
insulated tumuli and tortuous ridges of gravel, occupying one hun- 
dred acres, near Forden, a mile east of Achinbald, to be terminal 
moraines; also the blocks, large pebbles, and small gravel spread 
over the first level portions of the valley of the North Esk, after 
emerging from the Sub-Grampians, to be the residue of moraines 
re-arranged by water, 
Moraines in Forfarshire,—The cones and ridges of grayel at Cor- 
tachy and Piersie, near Kirriemuir, and at the confluence of the 
Carity valley with that of the Proson, are.considered by Dr. Buck- 
land to have been produced by glaciers, and modified in part subse- 
quently by water. The polish and strie on a porphyritic rock near 
the summit of the hill, on the left side of the main valley, and im- 
mediately above the moraines, he is of opinion must also be assigned 
to glacier action, .The vast. longitudinal and insulated ridges of 
grayel, extending for two or three miles up the valley east of Blair 
