"346 
round tumuli and oblong mounds of gravel are lodged on the slope 
of a hill 300 or 400 feet above the level of the sea. 
Moraines in Northumberland.—On many parts of the coast of 
Northumberland, especially near Newcastle, deposits of till rest 
upon the carboniferous rocks. At the village of North Charlton, 
between Belford and Alnwick, Mr. C. Trevelyan pointed out to 
Dr. Buckland in 1821, a tortuous ridge of gravel which was sup- 
posed to be an inexplicable work of art; but which he became con- 
vinced, after an examination in 1838 of the upper glacier of Grin- 
delwald and that of Rosenlaui, is a lateral moraine. Dr. Buckland 
was prevented from examining the gorges through which the Burns ~ 
descend from the eastern extremity of the Cheviots, but he directs 
attention to them as points where striz and other proofs of glacial 
action may be found. Immediately below the vomitories of the 
eastern valleys of the Cheviots, enormous moraines are stated to 
cover a tract four miles from north to south, and two from west to 
east ; and the high road to wind among cultivated mounds of them 
from near Woller, through North and South Middleton, and by 
West and East Lillburn to Rosedean and Wooperton. On the left 
bank of the College Burn*, immediately above the bridge at Kirk- 
newton, Dr. Buckland discovered last autumn a moraine thirty feet 
high, stratified near the top to the depth of a few feet, but com- 
posed chiefly of unstratified gravel, inclosing fragmentary portions 
of a bed of laminated sand about three feet thick. Some of these 
fragments were in a vertical position, others were inclined, and the 
laminez of which they were composed, were, for the greater part, 
variously contorted. He is of opinion that these detached portions 
were severed from their original position, moved forward, and con- 
torted by the pressure of a glacier, which descended the deep trough 
of the College Burn from the northern summit of the Cheviots. 
Evidence of Glaciers in the mountains of Cumberland and West- 
moreland.— Proofs of glacial action, Dr. Buckland says, are as abun- 
dant throughout the lake districts and im the districts in front of the 
great vomitories through which the waters of the lakes are discharged, 
as in Scotland and Northumberland. ‘Thus, in the vicinity of Pen- 
rith, near the junction of the Eden with the Eament and the Lowther, 
are extensive moraines loaded with enormous blocks of porphyry and 
slate, brought down, Dr. Buckland cbserves, by glaciers, which 
descended from the high valleys on the east flanks of Helvellyn, and 
in the mountains around Patterdale, into the lake of Ulleswater 
(considered to be then occupied by ice), and from the valleys by 
which the tributaries of the Lowther descend from the east flank of 
Martindale, from Haweswater and Mardale. A remarkable group 
of these moraines is by the road side near Eden Hall four miles east 
of Penrith; and the detritus of moraines is stated to occupy the 
greater part of the valley of the Eamont, from Ulleswater to its 
junction with the Eden. On the southern frontier of these moun- 
* For a notice by the late My, Cully, of a sudden flood in this district in 
1830, see Proceedings, vol. i. p. 149. 
