347 
tains in Westmoreland and Lancashire similar moraines occur on an 
extensive scale. Thus, immediately below the gorge through which 
the Kent descends from the mountains of Kentmere and Long Sled- 
dale, many hundred acres of the valley of Kendal are covered with 
large and lofty insulated piles of gravel; and smaller moraines, or 
their detritus, nearly fill the valley from Kendal to Morecombe Bay. 
Five miles north-east of Kendal, on the high road from Shap, on the 
shoulder of the mountain in front of the valley of Long Sleddale, and 
at an elevation of 500 feet, a group of moraines occupies about 200 
acres, and is distinguished from the adjacent slate rocks by a superior 
fertility. On the south of Kendal, the high roads from Burton and 
Milnthorpe to Lancaster, pass for the greater part over moraines or 
their detritus ; and Lancaster Castle, placed i in front of the vomitory: - 
of the Lune, is stated to stand on a mixed mass of glacial debris, 
‘probably derived from the valley ofthe Lune. The districts of Fur- 
ness, Ulverston, and Dalton are extensively covered with deep de- 
posits of glacier origin, derived from the mountains surrounding the 
upper ends of Windermere and Coniston lakes ; and they contain a 
large admixture of clay, in consequence of the slaty nature of many 
of the mountains. A capping of till and gravel, thirty to forty feet 
thick, overlies the great vein of hematite near Ulverston. The nu- 
merous boulders upon the Isle of Walney also indicate the progress 
of the moraines from Windermere and Coniston to the north- west 
extremity of Morecombe Bay. 
Dr. Buckland was prevented from personally examining, during his 
late tour, the south-west and west frontiers of the Cumberland 
mountains, but he conceives that many of the conical hillocks laid 
down on Fryer’s large map of Cumberland, in the valley of the 
Duddon, at the south base of Harter Fell, are moraines; that some 
of the hillocks in the same map on the right of the Esk, at the east 
and west extremities of Muncaster Fell, are also moraines formed by 
a glacier which descended the west side of Sca Fell; and that many 
of the hillocks near the village of Wastdale were formed by moraines 
descending westward. Dr. Buckland is likewise convinced that 
moraines exist near Church in the Valley ; also between Crummoch 
Water and Lorton, in the valley of the Cocker; and near Isle, in 
the valley by which the Derwent descends from Bassenthwaite lake 
towards Cockermouth, though there are no indications of them on 
Fryer’s map. 
Near the centre of the lake district are extensive medial mo- 
raines on the shoulder of the hill called the Braw Top, and formed 
by glaciers at the junction of the valley of the Greta with that of 
Derwent Water. 
Dr. Buckland had no opportunity of seeking for polished and stri- 
ated surfaces in the high mountain valleys of the lake district; but 
he found them on a recently exposed surface of greywacke in Dr. 
Arnold’s garden at Fox Howe near Ambleside ; likewise near the 
slate quarry at Rydal; and on newly bared rocks by the side of the 
road ascending from Grassmere to the Pass of Wythburn; he is also 
of opinion that many of the round and mammillated rocks at the 
