420 
and that the entanglement is nearly always in connexion with the 
joints, pointing out, Mr. Clarke is of opinion, that all these pheeno- 
mena are due to one cause; and he is further of opinion, that the si- 
lica in the quartz veins was deposited from a state of vapour. ‘The 
granite is generally large-grained; but where it forms veins, either 
in the gneiss or in the great mass of granite, it becomes finely 
grained. 
The whole of the shore from this point is granitic, as well as the 
‘Lion’s Hill, except the cap of sandstone. The junction of the granite 
and the gneiss cannot be satisfactorily traced owing to the covering of 
vegetation, but the granite is flanked by nearly vertical or upturned 
beds of gneiss and slate, and is capped by horizontal beds of sand- 
stone, which are penetrated by granite veins. ‘These phenomena, 
Mr. Clarke states, clearly establish the induction, that though the 
periods may have been distant, the schistose rocks owe their elevation 
to the up-burst of the granite before the deposition of the sandstone ; 
and that subsequently the granite has been re-heated and further 
elevated, carrying with it the whole area described to a higher level. 
3. Camp’s Bay and Cobler’s Hole-—Granite extends along the 
shore and around Camp’s Bay, lining the edge of the sea with huge 
rounded blocks, and the masses zz situ are traversed by deep fissures. 
Near the cottages situated on the road which winds round the mid- 
dle portion of the Lion’s Head and passes over the Kloof to Cape 
Town, two trap dykes intersect a soft decomposed granite. Under 
the Lion’s Head at Cobler’s Hole, and 400 feet above the level of the 
sea, the granite ledges, for a vertical height of 10 or 12 feet and 30 
yards in horizontal extent, are stated to be covered with shingly soil or 
an elevated beach, having imbedded shells of the same species as now 
inhabit the neighbouring ocean; and they are so firmly fixed in the 
soil or to the granite pebbles, as to require some trouble to extract 
them entire. ; 
4. The Kloof.—A vein of trap near the summit of the pass tra- 
verses the granite, which is there also in a state of decomposition. 
About six feet above the road, the dyke is interrupted by a horizon- 
tal shift of eighteen inches to the west. At the Kloof is another 
dyke, which is described in Dr. Abel’s work*. 
5. Table Mountain.—The eastern side of this mountain is formed 
of granite for nearly two-thirds of its vertical height. On the flat 
ground at Wynberg occur large blocks of granite perfectly rounded, — 
and the granite floor has the same smooth and rounded surface. 
The flat between Wynberg and Constantia has also a substratum of 
granite, with a covering of blown sand or vegetable soil. 
. On the opposite side of False Bay and the Cape Flats granite 
again rises into lofty mural precipices, capped, as on the west side, by 
sandstone. It therefore constitutes the fundamental rock of the — 
whole of the district south of the Lion’s Head, and is everywhere, 
except at the flats between Table and False Bays, crested by hori- 
zontal beds of sandstone. ‘The soil of the vineyards of Cape Town 
* Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China, &c., 1818. 
