351 
noticed) to the carbeniferous rocks, &c. which surround and cut off 
the older series*. The highest part of the ascending section is 
shown on a line which descends to the Lune near Kirkby Lonsdale. 
The other sections are much less perfect. —The whole group is sepa- 
rated, provisionally, into two divisions. 
The Lower division commences with the calcareous slates above 
mentionedt. The beds over the caleareous bands are composed of 
slates and flagstones, hard bands occasionally passing into thick, hard, 
arenaceous beds of greywacke, &c. It is supposed to end a little to 
the north of Kendal ; but its upper limit is not defined, and there are 
no distinct calcareous bands to assist in connecting it with, or sepa- 
rating it from, the upper division. ‘The fossils derived from the lower 
portion of this division are Lower Silurian. Among the fossils in the 
possession of the author, which have as yet been very imperfectly 
examined, Mr. Lonsdale has found among the corals Catenipora, 
Porites, Favosites, Ptilodictya, all of known Lower Silurian species, 
and one or two new species. 
Among the shells are three species of Leptena and five species of 
Orthis, all of described Caradoe sandstone species; in addition to 
which there are one or two new species of Orthis. With the above 
are also found Airypa affinis and A. aspera; also Terebratula bipartita. 
With the above occur many specimens of Tentaculites annulatus ; also 
several Trilobites, among which are Asaphus Powisii, Isotelus Bar- 
yiensis, and a new Paradoxite, &c. 
All the above fossils are found in the calcareous slates. 
The Upper division is composed of arenaceous flagstone, with im- 
perfect slaty bands, and with beds of hard greywacke. It is gene- 
rally of a grey, bluish-grey, or greenish-grey colour, rarely of a red- 
dish colour. It has some calcareous portions, but no beds of lime- 
stone fit for use; and, near Kirkby Lonsdale, ends with red fossilife- 
vous and flaggy beds containing concretionary limestone, which are 
overlaid unconformably by the marls and conglomerates of the old 
red sandstone. The fossils of the above group (which is of great 
thickness, though partially repeated by undulations) are of one type. 
* In a geological map lately presented by the author (which professes 
only to be a copy of a map made by himself nearly twenty years since), 
he represents all the beds above the calcareous slates of one colour. He 
does this, because he is unable to fix the demarcations of the several divi- 
sions of the whole group. As he considered the whole to represent the 
Silurian system he wished to represent the surface by three colours; but 
he found it impossible, even approximately, to represent their boundaries. 
And even with a simpler system of two divisions, he is unable, at present, 
to define correctly their line of demarcation; nearly all the middle portions 
of the sections being devoid of fossils. 
t+ When a former abstract was published, the author placed these beds 
on the parallel of the Bala limestone, over which the slates of the Ber- 
wyns and all the Devonian slates were provisionally arranged; but since 
the removal of the Devonian system to a place superior to the Silurian, the 
sections present no real ambiguity. The calcareous slates above described 
are true Lower Silurian, and not a part of any sub-Silurian group that is 
represented by the older recks of South Wales. 
