567 
frontier of Little Thibet. ‘The country consists of alluvial depasits, 
the tertiary strata of the Sevaliks, a vast sandstone depasit, an ex- 
tensive clay-slate formation containing limestone and sandstone, 
yarious ‘metamorphic rocks, greenstone and granite. 
sandstone ee which stretches many miles in a south- west and 
south-east direction, following the course of the Jumna, and re- 
sembles, in mineral characters, the transition quartzose sandstones 
of Hurope, It alternates, though rarely, with layers of soft tale slate, 
and a few miles to the southward of Delhi with clay slate. To the 
south-west, a little beyond Goongony, and in other localities, sienitic 
roeks are connected withit. No fossil remains have been discovered 
in the formation. At Delhi the strata are highly inclined towards 
the east-south-east. 
From Delhi to beyond Seharunpore, a distance of more than 100 
miles, the surface of the country consists of a fine sandy soil, and 
contains nodules of kunkur, similar to alluvial granitic or primary 
detritus brought down by the Jumna. Beyond Seharunpore the 
tertiary beds of the Sevalik range commence; but Mr. Everest alludes 
to their mammalian remains only for the purpose of remarking, that 
no portions of the wild elephant, which now abounds in that district, 
have been found in the tertiary strata; and he quotes, as an analo- 
gous ease, the absence of the bones of the Asiatic elephant in the 
mammalian deposits of the Irawaddi. From these facts he infers 
that the present species did not co-exist with the Hlephas primige- 
nius, the mastodon, or the associated mammifers. 
The chain of the Himalayas, which rises like a black wall on the 
opposite of the valley of the Dhoon, or that which separates it from 
the Sevalik hills, consists, where crossed by the author (about 77° 
58! E. Jong.), of strata highly inclined to the north-east, and com- 
posed of dark blue or variegated clay slate, sometimes sufficiently 
hard to be used for roofing slates, but generally soft, of compact, 
dark blue and black carbonaceous limestone, and of highly conso- 
lidated quartzy sandstone resembling that near Delhi. No organic 
remains have been noticed in these beds. Dykes of greenstone con- 
taining diallage were observed by the author. 
From Mussoori* (lat. 30° 25'; long. 77° 55! E.), Mr. Everest de- 
scended to the Jumna, over beds similar to those just described, and 
of slate containing angular fragments. In the bed of the river the 
strata are very much disturbed. Beyond the Jumna the rocks con- 
sist of purplish clay slate, often passing into quartz slate and tale 
slate. The general dip is to the north-east, but the angle of incli- 
nation is stated to vary from nearly horizontal to vertical. Beyond 
the village of Luchwarree, not far from the Jumna, occur blocks of 
ereywacke similar to those observed in the descent to that river. 
‘Thenee to the heights of Deobun, the most lofty point between the 
Jumna and the Tonse (lat. about 30° 47’, long. about 77° 48! E.), 
* The degrees of latitude and longitude given in this abstract must be 
considered only as approximations, 
3B2 
