PROCEEDINGS 
OF 
THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
Vou. II. Parr II. 1841—1842. No. 84. 
Dec. 15.—A paper “‘ On the Glacia-Diluvial Phenomena in Snow- 
donia and the adjacent parts of North Wales,” by the Rev. Prof. 
Buckland, D.D., F.G.S., &c., was first read. 
Dr. Buckland commenced by noticing the paper of the late Mr. 
Bowman inserted in the December Number of the Philosophical 
Magazine, in which that author states he had not been able to 
discover any appearances in the valleys of the Conway, the Lugwy, 
and the Ogwyn, also visited by Dr. Buckland during the last 
autumn, decisive of glacial action, though he does not mean to 
deny altogether the former existence of glaciers in North Wales. 
Dr. Buckland entirely agrees with Mr. Bowman in considering that 
two kinds of polished and striated surfaces described in the paper 
above noticed, are not due to the action of ice or water, but to con- 
tiguous plane surfaces having mutually impressed each other, the 
striz, moreover, coinciding in direction with the dip of the strata*. 
He then proceeds to describe the phenomena which came under 
his own notice and that of Mr. Sopwith, who accompanied him 
during his excursion in October last. 
The chief scene of his investigation was the portion of Carnarvon- 
shire known by the name of Snowdonia, including the seven valleys 
which radiate from Snowdon and its adjuncts; namely, the valleys 
of the Conway, the Ogwyn, the Sciant, the Gwyrfain, the Llyfni, and 
the Gwynant, nearly the whole of which have their sides and bottoms 
polished and scored with strize parallel to the mean direction which 
either a glacier or an overwhelming stream of water would assume in 
descending the valleys under the existing contour of their surface. 
Each valley, with its attendant phenomena, is described in the order 
in which it may be most conveniently visited by persons approaching 
Snowdonia by the Holyhead road. 
Valley of the Conway.—Both above and below the falls of the 
Conway, a few spots which had been recently laid bare, presented 
the same rounded and polished surfaces, accompanied by flutings 
and striz parallel to the direction of the valley, which are produced 
by existing glaciers in the high mountain valleys of Switzerland. 
Similar phenomena are likewise exhibited near the road-side in 
descending the valley from the falls of the Conway to Llanrwst, 
* Tnstances of similar appearances are mentioned by Dr. Buckland as oc- 
curring on the Portland stone of the south-east flank of the Jura near Neu- 
chatel, also on the carboniferous limestone near Liége. 
VOL, II. PART II. 3c : 
