580 
particularly near the junctions of the valleys of the Machno, the 
Lledr, and the Llugwy. The late Mr. Underwood also noticed, in 
1824, polished and striated surfaces on the sides of one of the valleys 
which descends from Llynn Cwlyd, on the north-east shoulders of the 
lofty ridge which divides the valley of the Conway from that of the 
Ogwyn*. The limestone of the Ormes Head, in front of the estuary 
of the Conway, is also mentioned in the paper, but not from the 
author’s inspection, to exhibit striated and polished surfaces. The 
elevated plain of Pen Tre Voelas presents the only instance noticed 
by Dr. Buckland in the valley of the Conway above Llanrwst, of 
large accumulations of unstratified detritus bearing the aspect of 
morains. ‘They are most apparent along the road from Pen Tre 
Voelas to Yspytty Evan, a distance of two miles; they occur also on 
the left bank of the Conway, west of Pen Tre Voelas, and for more 
than a mile on the east side of the village. Mr. Bowman, in the 
paper in the Philosophical Magazine, states, that if these mounds 
and hillocks ever were lateral morains, they have been modified by 
the action of water; and in this opinion Dr. Buckland coincides. 
Valley of the Llugwy.—A good example of glacial action, the author 
states, may be seen between the bridge of Pont-y-Gyffyng and Capel 
Curig, consisting, first, of dome-shaped or rounded masses (soches 
motonnés) ; secondly, of rounded portions of hard rocks, which, where 
they had been protected from the weather, exhibited polished, fluted 
and striated surfaces, the lines ranging parallel with the direction of 
the valley ; and thirdly, of a mound. of gravel or a morain close 
above the dome-shaped hummocks, and immediately in front of the 
point of confluence of the upper valley of the Llugwy with that of 
Nant-y-Gwryd. From the elevated amphitheatre which surrounds 
the lake of Flynnon Llugwy, situated north of the road from Capel 
Curig to Bangor, a vast morain or.congeries of detritus and boulders, 
Dr. Buckland states, has descended into a broad mountain yalley, 
where it extends more than one mile eastward from the upper end 
of Llynn Ogwyn. It is flanked on the north, west and south by the 
Llugwy, which there takes a sudden turn. 
The base of this morain is composed of small detritus, but its top 
is crowded with large blocks, almost in contact with each other. 
None of these could, from the outline of the surrounding country, 
have arrived at their present position by falling from a landslip, but 
their disposition accords, says Dr. Buckland, with that of thousands 
of blocks now deposited by Alpine glaciers; and he adds, it is dif- 
ficult to imagine how any current of water possessing sufficient ve- 
locity to move them to their present position could have failed to 
sweep away the mounds of small gravel on which they are lodged, 
or how drifting icebergs could have failed to drop scarcely one single 
block along the valley of the Llugwy beyond the limited area where 
* Dr. Buckland has in his possession sketches made in 1824 by Mr. 
Underwood, which represent surfaces of rocks near the lakes of Llanberris 
and in the ‘valley of the Conway near Llanrwst, furrowed, fluted, striated 
and polished in precisely the same manner as the surfaces of the Corstor- 
phine Hills and other trap rocks near Edinburgh. 
