606 
56. Several limited patches of old red sandstone occur in the 
neighbourhood of Kendal, the remnants, in the author’s opinion, of a 
once continuous mass. They consist, near Kirkby Lonsdale, of red 
conglomerates, red marls, and red and light-coloured sandstones, 
with tilestones, which pass downwards into the Ludlow rocks. 
Some of these patches, as on the top of Helme and at Monument 
Hill, two miles north-east of Kendal, have been raised to a consider- 
ably higher level than the rest of the formation. Three miles above 
Kendal the old red sandstone is well exposed on the banks of the 
Sprint, consisting of 
Mooserconglomerateyyy in. Hehe 60 to 80 feet. 
Red! mand bay. iaiales SNe eked ae a 50 — 
Thin-bedded red sandstone.. ... 30 — 
The strike of the beds is north by west, and the dip east by north 
10°, and they are unconformable to the adjacent older rocks. Similar 
beds are slightly exposed in the banks of the Mint, near Lavrock 
Bridge, striking east, and dipping 5° north, a bearing different from 
that of all the neighbouring rocks. ‘They are separated from a more 
extensive patch about Greyrigg by an anticlinal ridge of the middle 
division of the Windermere rocks, but they cover a considerable area 
capped by nearly horizontal beds of mountain limestone. Around 
Kendal is another doubtful deposit of brown gravel, and the castle 
stands upon it. 
5c. Shap and Tebay.—The course of the Birkbeck, from its rise 
above Shap Wells to its junction with the Lune at Tebay, intersects 
a deposit of old red sandstone, and the same deposit extends for 
some distance eastward up the valley of the Lune. It consists of 
the usual triple division, but the passage beds into the Ludlow rocks 
are entirely wanting, and the lower beds thin out im ascending the 
valley from Tebay. It rests on the lowest portion of the Winder- 
mere series. ‘The dip is only 5° or 10° to the north-east. On the 
opposite side of the ridge which separates the Lune from the Low- 
ther, the old red again occurs in the valley of the latter river, the 
intervening ridge being occupied by masses of the doubtful brown 
gravel. Throughout this district the lowest beds of the mountain or 
scar limestone rest conformably on the old red sandstone. 
General Remarks ; or comparison of the Westmoreland strata with 
the equivalents in other parts of the kingdom.—The triple division 
of the Westmoreland old red sandstone, the author says, agrees re- 
markably with that of Herefordshire, as already stated by Mr. J. 
Phillips in his work on the Fossils of Devonshire; the only differ- 
ences being the disaggregated state of the conglomerates, and the 
absence of the cornstones as well as of the Ichthyolites. The gradual 
passage from the bottom of the old red sandstone into the Ludlow 
rocks also coincides with the phenomena described in Herefordshire 
by Mr. Murchison. The Ludlow rocks of Westmoreland will also 
bear comparison with those of the border counties of England and 
Wales; but, owing to the absence of the Aymestry limestone, it is 
not possible, the author states, to fix the exact relative position of 
the former with respect to the latter, but he says that they exactly 
