Protection of Persons from Fire. 121 



Fig. 13. A fireman in the prepared dress, with the boots of fig. 4 

 and gloves of fig. 1 1 , walking on hot plates of iron and holding in his 

 hand a bar of red hot iron. (Experiment in Italy.) 



Fig. 14. Moistened sponge, with spectacle branches to keep it 

 against the mouth. It is destined to retain matters injurious to res- 

 piration, in places filled with smoke. 



PLATE III. 



Fig. 1. Experiment in which the firemen, covered with the helmet 

 and cuirass, expose their head to the flame of a hot fire, kindled in a 

 vase whose capacity ought to be such that the volume of flame effectu- 

 ally envelops the head and its armor. 



Fig. 2. Buckler of metallic gauze. It is fifty inches high and thir- 

 ty inches wide. It may be made of two pieces, joined in the direc- 

 tion of the longer axis, with fastenings which will render it firm and 

 compact when used. The wire gauze ought to be twenty to the inch. 

 This buckler may be very solid without weighing more than 5 lbs. 



Fig. 3. Grate of wire of the size of a door or window, to intercept 

 the passage of flame through such an opening. The upper and lower 

 rods are extended about four inches, and have a hole at each end, to 

 admit of its being fastened with four nails. If a close double defense 

 of this kind be used, it will be sufficient, in most cases, to extinguish 

 flame and arrest the fire. 



Fig. 4. Basket for removing children from the midst of flames. 

 It is of wire gauze, lined with prepared woollen cloth. The cover 

 is simply wire gauze. 



Fig. 5. Crotchet for transporting men through flame. It is a 

 wooden board, prepared for resisting fire. It should be about forty 

 inches high and twelve wide. A kind of saddle, covered with pre- 

 pared cloth, is attached to the middle of it, on which a man places 

 himself. It is important that all its parts be firmly connected. 



Fig. 6. This figure is designed to give an idea of one of the ex- 

 periments made at Florence, in which a man carried by a fireman, 

 and a child by another, walked for some minutes in the midst of the 

 flames in a circular enclosure. 



Vol. XX.— No. L 16 



