194 Miscellanies, 



erty. The heat produced during the operation has certainly nothing 

 to do with it, for the experiment succeeds equally when the vessel is 

 placed in a freezing mixture. — Idem, Dec. 1830. 



17. Preparation of Bromine and its Hydrate. — (Ann. der Phys.) 

 — The mother liquors containing bromine are to be evaporated to a 

 fourth of their volume in iron pans, and then left for several days ; 

 in which time the larger part of the chloride of calcium crystallizes. 

 The supernatant liquor, being diluted with water, is to be mixed with 

 sulphuric acid as long as a precipitate is foi'med. The liquid portion 

 being separated, and the solid residue pressed, all the fluid is to be 

 mingled and evaporated to dryness, and then redissolved, that a cer- 

 tain quantity of sulphate of lime may be removed. On acting upon 

 the solution by sulphuric acid and peroxide of manganese, and then 

 distilling, bromine is obtained. — Idem. 



18. Hydrate of Bromine. — This compound is easily formed at a 

 temperature of from 39° to 43° Fahrenheit, by making the vapor of 

 bromine pass into a tube moistened with water ; in about a quarter of 

 an hour the tube is filled with solid hydrate. — (Ann. de Phys. XIV. 

 485. Roy. Inst. Journ. April 1830.}— J(?e77i. 



19. New process for ohtaining Litliia. — M. Quesneville jun. gives 

 the following as bis method of separating Lithia. " I take one part 

 of levigated Triphane, and mix it accurately with two parts of pow- 

 dered litharge : I put the mixture into a crucible, and expose it to a 

 white heat. In about a quarter of an hour the mass is perfectly fluid ; 

 I then cool it and powder it finely : I afterwards act upon it by ni- 

 tric acid, the silica separates in a very divided state ; I precipitate all 

 the nitrate of lead by sulphuric acid, and evaporate to dryness to ex- 

 pel all the nitric acid. I afterwards treat it with water, and precipi- 

 tate the alumina and other metallic oxides by ammonia, and then add 

 carbonate of ammonia to precipitate the lime and magnesia ; the so- 

 lution is then filtered and evaporated to dryness. The mixture is to be 

 strongly calcined to expel all the ammoniacal salts ; this operation 

 must not be performed in a platina crucible, as it would be acted up- 

 on ; I use a porcelain one. The calcined residue is to be treated with 

 water, and all the sulphuric acid precipitated by barytes ; the filtered 

 liquor when evaporated gives pure lithia." — (Jour, de Pharmacie 

 April, 1830.)— ifZem. 



20. On Powdering Phosphorus. — M. Casaseca remai'ks, that the 

 method of pulverizing phosphorus, mentioned by all chemical authors. 



