Photo by 111 ram JBinghani 
INCA POTTERY AND STONEWARE RESCUED FROM TPTE JUNGEE AND NOW USED IN THE 
MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR 
The notebook was put in the picture to give the pots a sense of proportion. It measures 
4^ inches in width and 79^ inches in length. The stone on the left with a round hole in the 
middle was found covering a grave, bottle shaped and lined with stone, in which nothing else 
of importance was discovered. 
the Pampaconas Valley and beyond, to 
see whether any more remains of Inca 
occupation can be found. 
Mr. Bingham has made a specialty of 
South American researches. In 1906 
he explored the route of the great Gen- 
eral Bolivar, in his famous campaign 
of 1818, from the heart of the llanos of 
Venezuela across the plains and the 
Andes into the heart of Colombia. A 
four months' journey on muleback car- 
ried the party from Valencia, in northern 
Venezuela, across Venezuela and Colom- 
bia to Bogota. The return trip was made 
by way of the Magdalena River. The 
journal of this expedition has been pub- 
lished by the Yale University Press 
under the title "The Journal of an Expe- 
dition across Venezuela and Colombia." 
In 1908 Professor Bingham made an 
overland journey from Buenos Aires to 
Lima, following the route of the Spanish 
traders in the colonial period. The ac- 
count of this expedition was published 
by Houghton-Mifflin Company under the 
title "Across South America: An Account 
of a Journey from Buenos Aires to Lima 
by zvay of Potosi, zvith Notes on Brazil, 
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru." 
The chief interest of this trip lay in its 
being an exploration of the most historic 
highway of South America. The more 
difficult parts of the road had been used 
by the Incas and their conqueror Pizarro ; 
b}^ Spanish viceroys, mine owners, and 
merchants ; by the liberating armies of 
Argentina ; and finally by Bolivar and 
Sucre, who marched and countermarched 
over it in the last campaigns of the wars 
of independence. Information was col- 
lected regarding the South American 
people, their history, politics, economics, 
and physical environment. 
On this journey, at the invitation of 
the Peruvian government. Professor 
Bingham explored the ruins of Choq- 
quequirau, an Inca fortress in the valley 
of the Apurimac. His study of these 
ruins in a region hitherto unexplored led 
him to desire to penetrate still further 
into this country, which is one of the 
most inaccessible in the Cordillera. 
Vilcabamba was chosen by the last 
Incas as the safest place in which to rule 
without being disturbed by the Span- 
iards, who had conquered the larger part 
of Peru. This almost inaccessible laby- 
rinth of grand canyons, tropical jungles, 
and glacier-clad mountains is the scene 
of his present work. 
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