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tn 
Columbia basin the species 
distributes itself over 90,000 
square miles of Washington, 
Oregon, Idaho, and Montana, 
its upward limit being in- 
surmountable obstructions or 
falls. In the Snake River and 
the Yukon River the spawn- 
ing grounds lie 2,000 miles by 
zvater from the sea. 
The spawning streams of 
the red salmon are those that 
arise in lakes, and the spawn- 
ing grounds are in the afflu- 
ents of those lakes. The run 
begins in INIay and fish con- 
tinue to come in until October, 
depending on latitude. 
The silver salmon enters the 
streams from July to October 
or November, but does not as 
a rule ascend for long dis- 
tances. 
The humpback runs into 
fresh water in summer and 
fall, preferably in short coast 
streams, and often spawns 
within a few rods of the 
ocean. 
The schools of dog salmon 
come into the stream rather 
late ; in the Columbia River 
and Puget Sound the run ex- 
tends from August to late in 
November, and in Alaska the 
height of the season is about 
the first of September. 
Now, whether the salmon 
travel in the streams 2,000 
miles or 200 feet to reach 
their spawning grounds, and 
regardless of their physical 
condition at the time they ar- 
rive at the particular places 
required for the proper de- 
velopment of eggs and young, 
every individual of every spe- 
cies dies shortly after spawn- 
ing. This is the most charac- 
teristic and remarkable event 
in the life of the Pacific sal- 
mons. 
Why this is the case is one 
of nature's mysteries. It has 
its parallel in some other 
fishes, in the may-fly, which 
498 
