Meetings of the Scientific Association of Great Britain. 73 
ranged by high winds, and that those marks indicated a sinking of 
the waters, at the rate of three or four feet in one hundred years. 
It was objected, that similar results were not obtained in every part 
of the Swedish coasts; that land was accumulating at the mouths of 
rivers, &c. and that by the winds any marks were rendered very uncer- 
tain indications of the sea level. Von Buch, twenty five years ago, ob- 
serving that the sand and mud of several places on the western shores 
of Scandinavia contained shells, like those existing in the present seas, 
inferred that there had been a change of level, and as water cannot 
undergo a partial depression, he concluded that Sweden and Finland 
were slowly rising. 
Mr. Lyell visited some parts of the shores of the Bothnian Gulf, 
between Stockholm and Gefle, and of the western coast of Sweden, 
between Udevalla and Gothenburg, districts particularly alluded to 
by Celsius. He had examined several of the marks cut m 1820, by 
the Swedish pilots, under the direction of the Swedish Academy of 
Sciences, and found the level of the Baltic in calm weather, several 
inches below the marks. He also found the level of the waters, 
several feet below marks made seventy or one hundred years before. 
He obtained similar results on the side of the ocean, and found, in 
both districts, that the testimony of the inhabitants agreed exactly 
with that of their ancestors, recorded by Celsius. After confirming 
the accounts given by Von Buch, of the occurrence, on the side of 
the ocean, of elevated beds of recent shells, at various heights, from 
ten to two hundred feet, Mr. Lyell added, that he had also discover- 
ed deposits on the side of the Bothnian Gulf, between Stockholm 
and Gefle, containing fossil shells of the same species which now 
characterize the brackish waters of that sea. ‘These occur at vari- 
ous elevations, from one to one hundred feet, and sometimes reach 
fifty miles inland. The shells are partly marme and partly fluvia- 
tile; the marine species are identical with those now living in the | 
ocean, but are dwarfish in size, and never attain the average dimen- 
sions of those which live in waters sufficiently salt to enable them 
to reach their full developement. Mr. Lyell concluded, by declar- 
ing his belief, that certain parts of Sweden are undergoing a gradual 
rise to the amount of two or three feet in a century, while other 
parts visited by him, farther to the south, appear to experience no 
movement. 
Coal of Fyfeshire and Edinburgh.—Lord Greenock stated, on 
the authority of Mr. Landale and Mr. Bald, that in F'yfeshire, there 
Vol. XX VIII.—No. 1. 10 
